The Citizenship of Others

The liberal notion of citizenship provides equality to all citizens, without regard to ascriptive or other differentiating characteristics. In this sense, citizenship promises to be dispositive of the treatment of all individuals who enjoy it; citizenship is uniform, unalloyed, and indivisible. These are the attributes of citizenship within a liberal national system, governing the relationships between citizens and the state, and among citizens within the state. But must these characteristics extend into the international realm, or may states choose to look beyond the mantle of citizenship when evaluating the citizens of others? And if states do choose to differentiate, and thereby discriminate, among the citizens of others, what obligations do those citizens\u27 states bear? This Article considers two instances in which the formal equality of citizenship is jeopardized by discrimination on the basis of national origin (the place of one\u27s birth) and ancestry (the place of one\u27s ancestors\u27 birth)

Symmetries in elementary particles

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Serving Market Needs, Not People\u27s Needs: The Indignity of Welfare Reform

I am so happy to join all of you in celebrating and honoring Peter\u27s life and work. Even for those of us who knew Peter only a little - from a few phone conversations and faxes, conferences or chance meetings - or who knew him only through his work and reputation, he has had a profound impact. News of Peter\u27s death spread through the public interest community with such intensity, an electric charge of terrible sorrow transmitted by e-mail and phone calls. Listservs filled up with remembrances of him from advocates and students and activists all over the country. We knew that we had lost not merely a superb intellect, but an unrelentingly warm heart and an invincible spirit, all captured in this person who inspired us to go on with our work, and gave us succor when the difficulties of our work gave us pause. So it is with Peter, or more specifically with Peter\u27s words, that I want to start my comments today about welfare and welfare reform

A Rage Shared by Law: Post-September 11 Racial Violence as Crimes of Passions

September 11 will long be associated with unthinkable violence. The sheer magnitude of the terrorist attacks, the visual imagery of the collapsing towers of the World Trade Center, and the extensive media attention given to the victims have defined the violence of September 11 in unitary terms. But in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, another form of violence spread across the country: in the days and weeks after September 11, over one thousand bias incidents against Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians were reported. These incidents, including the murders of as many as nineteen people, assaults of scores of others, vandalism of homes, businesses and places of worship, and verbal harassment of countless individuals, form part of the subterranean history of September 11. While the violence of September 11 itself is largely thought to have been incomprehensible, post-September 11 hate violence is remarkable precisely because it is something we can understand. Although condemned as individual acts of criminality, the phenomenon of hate violence toward Arabs, Muslims, and South Asians is one that appeared to need little explanation; it was accepted as a regrettable, but expected, response to the terrorist attacks. As early as September 12, 2001, major newspapers reported predictions of the violence against these communities

A PARAMETRIC NUMERICAL ANALYSIS INVESTIGATION TO OPTIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE RANQUE-HILSCH VORTEX TUBE

A vortex tube is a device that separates compressed air into two streams: one with a higher temperature (hot stream) and the other with a lower temperature (cold stream). It is a popular cooling option because it is small, safe, and affordable. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the energy separation performance of RHVT by varying the internal tapering angles of convergent angles (2°, 1.75°, 1.5°, 1.25°, 1°, 0.75°, and 0.5°), straight angles (0°), and divergent angles (0.5°, 1°, 2°, 4°, and 6°), While the cold mass fraction is constant (0.317). Length-to-diameter ratio (Lt/Dt), inlet pressure, and the cold mass fraction were investigated to achieve the highest energy separation of RHVT. This thesis conducts a numerical study on the flow structure in a vortex tube using the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model with viscous heating. The optimal energy separation occurred at a 1.75° convergent angle, Lt/Dt ratio of 3, the inlet pressure of 600 kPa, and a cold mass fraction of 0.56. The internal flow structure of the vortex tube consists of a forced vortex, transition, and free vortex regions, as shown by the static temperature radial distribution This distribution provides an understanding of the energy separation mechanism of the vortex tube by correlating it with the density gradient along the radial direction. We developed a short tube length-to-diameter ratio of RHVT with higher energy separation rather than the standard RHVT. The simulation results were validated by experimental data obtained from the literature for the same vortex tube parameters

Resisting Guantanamo: Rights at the Brink of Dehumanization

When the Supreme Court issued its decision in Boumediene v. Bush in June 2008-the latest of several cases regarding the rights of terrorist suspects held at Guantanamo Bay-it was hailed by progressive commentators and human rights advocates as a landmark in rights jurisprudence. Holding that the Guantdnamo prisoners possess a constitutional right to challenge the legality of their detention through the writ of habeas corpus, Justice Kennedy reached for appropriately lofty language, stating, The laws and Constitution are designed to survive, and remain in force, in extraordinary times. Liberty and security can be reconciled, and in our system, they are reconciled within the framework of the law. Indeed, the extension of a constitutional provision to noncitizen wartime prisoners held outside the United States was breathtaking. This was especially so in the face of six years of government insistence that the prisoners at Guantdnamo had no rights whatsoever, and could be held indefinitely, even for life, without charge or meaningful opportunity to contest their treatment or detention. The decision was a rebuke to the Executive\u27s claims of outsized authority, and, the Court told us, a reassertion of the supremacy of law. It was a rights moment. Or so it seemed

The Ethics of Narrative

My project today is to examine the scope of that most central of lawyerly duties, the duty of zealous representation, and its relation to narrative. Specifically, I want to explore the tension that arises between the progressive lawyer\u27s political commitment to antisubordination on the one hand, and the particular demands of an individual client\u27s case on the other. The question presented is: Do the ethical rules permit, or even require, lawyers to strategically deploy racist, sexist or homophobic narratives that will advance their clients\u27 interests? I begin the consideration of this thorny question by examining a specific teaching tool used in our law school and a series of complexities generated by it, and then propose a modest amendment to the ethical rules that would permit lawyers to better balance their commitments to progressive values and to their clients