Gender Differences in the Use of Parts of Speech in Pakistani English Newspaper Columns: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This research is a critical discourse analysis of parts of speech used by two different genders, male and female in Pakistani English newspaper columns. A corpus has been compiled from four Pakistani English newspapers i.e. The Dawn, The News, The Nation and The Express Tribune. A sample size of 240 columns (120 both by male and female writers) has been compiled in this study. This research highlights the implicit function of parts of speech in Pakistani English newspapers. These parts of speech have been limited to nouns, pronouns, verbs and adjectives. It explores how male and female writings differ in the use of parts of speech in Pakistani English newspaper columns and to uncover the manipulation through its uses. Keywords: CDA, POS, Corpus driven, English News Columns, Gender, Pakista

Generation of electrical energy using lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) piezoelectric material: Analytical, numerical and experimental verifications

Energy harvesting is the process of attaining energy from the external sources and transforming it into usable electrical energy. An analytical model of piezoelectric energy harvester has been developed to determine the output voltage across an electrical circuit when it is forced to undergo a base excitation. This model gives an easy approach to design and investigate the behavior of piezoelectric material. Numerical simulations have been carried out to determine the effect of frequency and loading on a Lead zirconate titanate (PZT-5A) piezoelectric material. It has been observed that the output voltage from the harvester increases when loading increases whereas its resonance frequency decreases. The analytical results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental and numerical simulation results

A Comprehensive Study Of Energy Efficient Routing In Wsn Towards Qos

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging field of wireless network comprising of few to many autonomous tiny sensors nodes, with limited processing, limited memory, limited battery power, limited bandwidth and limited wireless transmission capabilities. The life time of the sensor node depends upon the battery power. WSN are commonly used to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, sound and pressure etc. WSN is an application of MANET. Wireless sensor node collects data and sends back to the sink or Base Station (BS). Data transmission is normally multi-hop among sensor nodes that enable these nodes to transmit data from hop to hop towards the sink or BS. Wireless sensor network requires robust and energy efficient communication protocols to minimize the energy consumption as much as possible.  Main penalty area of researchers is to design the energy efficient routing protocol. Routing protocols should be energy efficient, scalable and prolong the network lifetime.But Quality of Service QoS is also a challenge for energy efficient routing protocols for researchers. QoSneeds a multi-layerlinespanning using the different layer protocol architecture. In this paper, we enlighten the energy efficient routing towards QoS in WSNs and proposes a solutionfor the QoS layer in energy efficient routing techniques in WSNs and finally, highlight some open problems and future direction of research for given that QoS in WSNs

Adopting Green Practices: Challenges for University Libraries of Pakistan

A green or sustainable library seeks to maximize the use of natural and renewable resources. The adoption of green practices in libraries of developing countries like Pakistan is much needed where water and energy resources are scarce and unsustainable. This move from conventional to green libraries also poses certain challenges. This study aims to explore the challenges encountered in the adoption of green library practices in the university libraries of Pakistan. The scholarly literature is reviewed to encompass the dimensions and challenges of a green library in the global context. The feedback from the selected, senior university librarians of Pakistan regarding challenges and their solutions in adopting green library practices is collected through interviews. These challenges include a lack of awareness about green libraries and practices, policy for green libraries, technologies for a paperless environment, awareness regarding the use of natural construction materials and biodegradable products, awareness regarding the use of natural and renewable energy sources, and seriousness of librarians and management. The experts also suggest required skills and resources to overcome these challenges comprising knowledge about green libraries and practices, paperless environment, space management, solar panels, glass windows, skills regarding the use of renewable energy sources, and the ability to find out the environmental impact of a resource. This study may also be useful for libraries in other developing countries

Adoption of Green Practices in University Libraries of Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

Conceptual, technological, and material advancement has a deep influence on all sectors of life including libraries. Libraries are coping with these developments accordingly, however, the pace of development is not the same around the globe. This study aims to explore the adoption status of green library practices in the university libraries of Pakistan. The peer-reviewed literature including IFLA’s checklist was encompassed to model twelve aspects/practices of green library initiative. The feedback from the selected, senior university librarians of Pakistan on the proposed model of green library practices was collected through interviews. The librarians apprise the green library model as an effective combination of related aspects and technologies. The findings reveal that each participating library has adopted some of the green library practices. However, a lot of more work is to be done to fully understand and adopt the green library initiative

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN DOPED ANATASE AND RUTILE TiO2 THIN FILMS

Anatase and rutile TiO2 thin films have been doped by N ion implantation. The effect of N doping on the structural changes of TiO2 thin films and its correlation to the optical and chemical properties of the films is investigated. The depth and concentration of the implanted N atoms is found not to exhibit substantial difference for anatase and rutile phases. The energy loss of the implanted N atoms correlates well to the energy gained by O and Ti atoms in the TiO2 lattice. An increased number of O vacancies are found to be generated as compared to Ti for both anatase and rutile phases. The energy loss mechanisms of the implanted N atoms together with the O vacancy generation are found to be the major driving forces for facilitating enhanced optical and chemical properties of the TiO2 thin films

Fabrication of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers for underwater applications using thermocompression wafer-bonder

Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) are the prospective alternative to the traditional piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. CMUTs are essentially parallel plate capacitors produced using Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. The production of CMUTs is broken down into sacrificial underetching and wafer bonding methods. The sacrificial release-based techniques are complex and require several adjustments in terms of optimizing fabrication steps and material selections. Further, the sacrificial release-based processes need ultimate control over the gap height and membrane thickness. On the contrary, the wafer bonding fabrication processes are not only simpler than the sacrificial release methods but also provide a very good parametric control over the membrane thickness and gap height. Besides its advantages, the wafer bonding methods are very sensitive to contamination and surface roughness. The surface roughness problems are addressed by either using the costly Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers or by using complex Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) method. This article presents a simple and economical CMUTs wafer bonding fabrication method. A thermocompression based metal bonded technique is adopted to successfully fabricate low frequency CMUTs to be used for underwater applications

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a rare neoplasm characterized histologically by presence of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Case report of carcinosarcoma of the esophagogastric junction whose morphological and immunohistochemical features makes it quite distinctive from other tumours is presented. It was an ulcerated lesion diagnosed in an elderly Afghan lady located 34 cms from the incisor teeth. The patient was a smoker