Comparative study of 25 µg vaginal misoprostol v/s cerviprime gel for induction of labour at term

Background: This comparative study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 25 µg of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical cerviprime gel in terms of efficacy of drug, foeto-maternal outcome, side effects and complications of drugs.Methods: 100 primigravida at term; who were admitted for induction of labour were included in this study. They were randomly selected to receive either intravaginal misoprostol or intracervical cerviprime gel. 50 women received intravaginal 25 µg Misoprostol (Group A) every 6 hours for maximum of 5 doses and 50 women received 0.5 mg (2.5 ml) of intracervical cerviprime gel (Group B) till maximum of 3 doses. Comparison was done in terms of time taken for induction to delivery, mean time taken for onset of labour, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes and the neonatal outcome in either of the groups.Results: The mean time taken for onset of labour was less in the misoprostol group than in the cerviprime group (6.5 hours v/s 8 hours, P = 0.49). Similarly duration from induction to delivery was less (20.08 ± 8.24 hours v/s 23.19 ± 9.59 hours, P >0.05) for misoprostol than cerviprime gel. Need for Oxytocin augmentation was less (16%) in misoprostol group as compared to cerviprime group (46%), P = 0.001. Cesarean section rate was slightly higher in misoprostol group (8% v/s 6%). Maternal complications were minimal in either group & the neonatal outcome was good in both the groups. The induction cost was much less in the misoprostol group.  Conclusions: Compared to cerviprime gel; misoprostol is safe, efficacious, cheap, well tolerated drug by mother and fetus. It was found to be a better inducing agent, has short induction to delivery interval thus short duration of labour with similar maternal and fetal safety profile

Awareness, knowledge and prevention of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in pregnant women: a descriptive study

Background: India has the third highest number of estimated people living with HIV in the world. According to the HIV estimations 2012, the estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS in India was 20.89 lakh, with an estimated adult (15-49 age group) HIV prevalence of 0.27% in 2011. The objective of this study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its prevention among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at the antenatal clinic of Chirayu medical college and hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India from August 2015 to January 2016. Antenatal clinics run with average total attendance of 40 per day. A pretested questionnaire was designed to assess awareness of the women about HIV/AIDS, evaluate their knowledge of possible routes of transmission-particularly mother to child transmission-and measures to prevent vertical transmission from mother to child.Results: Amongst the respondents, 84% had heard of HIV and in 79% of them, the source of information was through mass media. 54.8% were aware of sexual intercourse as a mode of transmission of HIV while 43% knew that sharing sharp objects and infected blood products can spread HIV. 66% of respondents were aware of MTCT and 33.6% heard of antiretroviral therapy as a method of prevention of MTCT. 74% were aware of contracting infection by sexual contact with infected partner. Majority of them (77.4%) were aware of increased risk of contracting HIV/AIDS by sexual relationship with multiple partners. 74% of females were aware that HIV/AIDS is preventable. 59.6% of women were aware of availability of ART of AIDS treatment. 72.5% of study population was aware that use of condom can protect against HIV transmission.Conclusions: Although awareness of HIV and MTCT is increased as compared to previous studies, but to achieve global plan to reduce MTCT by 90% there is still need to promote programs targeting antenatal population with emphasis on MTCT and its various methods of prevention

Retrospective study of maternal near misses in a tertiary care institute

Background: Traditionally, the analysis of maternal deaths has been the criteria of choice for evaluating women’s health and the quality of obstetric care. The objective of the study was to determine the (Maternal near miss incidence ratio) frequency of maternal near miss and to study the demographic profile, etiology and lifesaving interventions done in near miss cases.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chirayu medical college, Bhopal. This is a tertiary care institution and a referral hospital. The study was done during a period of one year from August 2014 to August 2015. During this period 1500 antenatal patients were admitted; of which 30 patients with potentially life threatening conditions were diagnosed; who met WHO 2009 criteria for near miss; along with clinical/laboratory evidence for the same, were selected for the study.Results: The Maternal near miss incidence ratio was 20/1000 live births in our study. In our study 53.3% were in 21-25years age group with a mean age of the patients was 26.3 + 5 years. 93.3% were unbooked, 66.6% were primigravidas, 73.3 % were term patients, 60% were low income group, 73.3% were urban residents, and 76.7% were antenatal cases. In our study 60% patients presented with bleeding PV, 56.3% presented with PPH, 13.3% presented with ecclampsia and 26.7% had pregnancy with jaundice. All patients required ICU for monitoring and interventions as multiple blood transfusions (60%), dialysis (13.3%), liver function monitoring (26.7), encephalopathy (3.3%) and DIC monitoring (20%). 6.7 % required ventilator and 13.3% were managed for multiorgan failure in our study. 26.6 % were managed with uterine packing and MRP, 16.7% were managed with uterine balloon temponade and post-partum hysterectomy in 16.7% cases and internal iliac ligation was done in 13.2% cases in our study. Cesarean section was done in 16.7% cases, 66.6% had vaginal delivery and 16.7% underwent hysterectomy due to haemorrhage and post-partum endometritis in our study.Conclusions: The study concludes that maternal near miss could be an important tool to assess maternal morbidity burden. We can utilize our knowledge of maternal near miss cases to reduce maternal mortality by identifying preventable factors and doing vigilant timely interventions

Maternal and fetal outcome in jaundice complicating pregnancy: a prospective study

Background: The objective of the study was to study maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy complicated with jaundice.Methods: 30 antenatal patients with clinical /laboratory evidence of Jaundice were selected for study in period between august 2014 to august 2015.Results: The peak age of incidence in our study was 21-25 years (66.6%) and majority were primigravida (66.6%). All cases were in third trimester of pregnancy, 93.3% were unbooked, 73.3% were term, 60% were of lower socioeconomic status and 73.3% were urban. All patients presented with jaundice at time of admission. Pruritus was most common presenting symptom present in 60% of patients. Other presenting complaints were nausea, high BP, abdominal pain and petechiae. Viral Hepatitis was most important cause of jaundice in this study found in 46.7% of cases. Preeclampsia and ICP were other causes of jaundice in this study. Hepatitis B was the most common cause of acute hepatitis (26.7%) and incidence of hepatitis E was 13.3% in our study. Maternal mortality was found in 1 case of hepatitis E complicated with hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy. 2% of these patients developed FHF. All patients were kept in ICU for intensive monitoring. PPH was most common maternal complication in 60% of patients. There was 1 maternal death in our study. Of 30 patients, 12 had spontaneous onset of labour. All delivered vaginally of which 8(26.7%) were preterm of which 2 died, 4(13.3%) were IUFD, 12 (40%) had fetal distress with meconium stained liquor, 5 (16.6%) had PROM, 2 (6.7%) had fetal growth restriction and 2 (6.7%) delivered uneventfully.Conclusions: Jaundice in pregnancy results in a very high perinatal as well as maternal morbidity and mortality, and requires an early diagnosis and careful management

High risk scoring for prediction of pregnancy outcome: a prospective study

Background: Objectives of current study were to detect high risk factors in pregnancy and to develop a simple scoring system to identify and categorize high risk pregnancies and to predict neonatal outcome by prospective multifactorial analysis of high risk factors.  Methods: In this prospective study, antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal parameters were integrated into the clinical records and the relationship of risk score to outcome was evaluated for 415 randomly selected pregnant patients over a period of 1 year. Risk scoring was applied on selected mothers more than 28 weeks of gestation who presented in labour.Results: Out of 415 women, 96 (59%) were High Risk, 191 (46%) were Low risk and 128 (31%) were No risk. In High risk group there were 59 perinatal deaths and perinatal mortality rate was very high (614 per 1000 live births).Conclusions: The risk scoring system can thus be used not only as a test for predicting perinatal mortality but also as a simple and cost effective screening tool for identifying pregnancies at higher risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity so that these are subjected to the special ‘high risk’ care they need

Evaluation of copper-based alloy (C93200) composites reinforced with marble dust developed by stir casting under vacuum environment

Copper-based alloy (C93200) composites reinforced with a different weight percentage of marble dust particles (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt.%) were developed by stir casting method under vacuum environment. By using this type of reinforcement, it was possible to detect a suitable material for bearing applications. The manufactured material was characterized for its mechanical properties using a micro-hardness tester. A universal INSTRON-5967 machine was used to detect the yield and tensile strength. Further the hardness features were measured using a Walter Uhl model machine, whereby the wear characteristics were simulated under the pin-on-disc tribometer under different working conditions in ambient temperature (23 °C). Next, the preference selection index (PSI) technique that considers multi-criteria decision-making was proposed to validate which material was the best candidate. For the selection of material criteria, some specific material intrinsic properties—such as, density, void fraction, hardness resistance along with tensile, compressive, and flexural strength—were proposed and the surface characteristics linked to friction coefficients along wear properties. It was found that the novel composite material containing 4.5 wt.% of marble dust provided the best combination of properties and is a suitable candidate material for bearing applications

Optimal design based on fabricated SiC/B4C/porcelain filled aluminium alloy matrix composite using hybrid AHP/CRITIC-COPRAS approach

In this present study, SiC, B4C and waste porcelain reinforced AA7075 alloy composites are fabricated by adopting stir casting approach. Twelve formulations based on different weight percentages of reinforcers (3 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 6 wt.% and 7.5 wt.%.) were manufactured and afterward analysed in terms of physical, mechanical, corrosion and tribological performances. The reinforcers of less than 53 μm size were consistently blended in molten AA7075 accompanied by stirring process. To identify the best suitable formulation the density, hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, friction coefficient, wear and corrosion rate were fixed as selection criteria. The composite containing 7.5 wt.% B4C (ASBP-8) exhibited the highest mechanical strength (Hardness=162 Hv; Tensile strength= 298 MPa; Compressive strength= 221 MPa; and Flexural strength= 267 MPa), whereas wear performance (at 40 N load and 1300 m SD= 0.00261 g; and at 5.026 m/s SV and 1300 m SD= 0.0231 g) and coefficient of friction (at 40 N load and 1300 m SD= 0.536 g; and at 5.026 m/s SV and 1300 m SD= 0.47 g) remain the lowest for 6 wt.% porcelain (ASBP-11) based composites. The density and corrosion rate remains lowest for the composite containing 7.5 wt.% porcelain (ASBP-12).Since no single composite(ASBP-1 to ASBP-12) could merely satisfy all the desired characteristics; to this end, this study applied a novel hybrid AHP/CRITIC-COPRAS method for the selection of optimal alternative material for automotive components. The weight of each material evaluated was determined by establishing a criterion of importance by applying inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. The alternative ranking was evaluated using the complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method. The evaluation indicated that the AA7075 containing 7.5 wt.% porcelain (ASBP-12) composite possesses the best material solution to be used in automotive applications

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Not AvailablePhotovoltaic based electricity generation saves a major portion of renewable energy generation in India. Ever increasing fuel cost and doubtful availability of electricity hampers the irrigated crop production. Use of solar pump is an alternate to electric or diesel pumps for irrigation of crops. This paper presents the utilization of solar power for operating micro irrigation systems for irrigating field crops. An open well submersible pump of 5hp capacity was operated by 4960Wp solar panel installed at ICAR-CIAE, Bhopal for irrigation. The discharge rate of pump has been observed as 11400 to 24120 l/h at a dynamic head of 2.5 m corresponding to solar irradiation range of 164 to 808 W/m2 during time period from 8 am to 4 pm. The total power generation from the panel during this period has been observed as 3013.5 W. The total excess power availability during different irrigation treatments such as drip (T1), portable sprinkler (T2), rain hose (T3) and flood irrigation (T4) has been estimated for other uses of solar photovoltaic system. In different irrigation systems the excess power availability range per year per ha has been varies from 235 to 1160 kWh, 246 to 1213 kWh, 246 to 1213 kWh and 220 to 1084 kWh respectively. The maximum area irrigated by T1 of 2000 to 3500 m2, T2 800 to 2500 m2, T3 500 to 1500 m2, T4 100 to 450 m2.Not Availabl