Extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol in severe COPD patients with history of exacerbations

The FORWARD study is a randomised, double-blind trial that compares the efficacy and safety of 48 weeks treatment with extrafine beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate (BDP/FOR), 100/6 μg pMDI, 2 inhalations BID, vs. FOR 12 μg pMDI, 1 inhalation BID, in severe COPD patients with a history of exacerbations. Co-primary endpoints were exacerbation rate over 48 weeks and pre-dose morning FEV1 at 12 weeks. The ITT population included 1186 patients (69% males, mean age 64 years) with severe airflow limitation (mean post-bronchodilator FEV1 42% predicted). Salbutamol as rescue therapy, theophylline and tiotropium (if stable regimen prior to screening) were allowed. Compared to FOR, BDP/FOR: (1) reduced the exacerbation rate (rate ratio: 0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.62–0.84], p < 0.001); (2) improved pre-dose morning FEV1 (mean difference: 0.069 L [0.043–0.095] p < 0.001); (3) prolonged the time to first exacerbation; (4) improved the SGRQ total score. The percentage of patients with adverse events was similar (52.1% with BDP/FOR and 49.2% with FOR). Pneumonia incidence was low, slightly higher with BDP/FOR (3.8%) than with FOR (1.8%). No difference for laboratory values, ECG or vital signs. Extrafine BDP/FOR significantly reduces the exacerbation rate and improves lung function of patients with severe COPD and history of exacerbations as compared to FOR alone

Pengaruh Leverage, Profitabilitas, Size, Umur Perusahaan dan Ukuran Dewan Komisaris terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (Studi pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Listing di Bei Tahun 2004-2008)

The purpose of this research is to exam the Effect of Leverage, Profitability, Size,Age and Size of Board of Director to Corporate Social Responsibility. The populationof this research is firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during periods 2004 to2008. The sample of this research is mining firms. The samples choice usingpurposive sampling method and resulting 10 firms. Statistic methods using multipleregression analysis. The result indicates that Leverage, Profitability, Size, Firm Ageand Size of Board of Director variables respectively has significantly influence toCorporate Social Responsibility

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Earning Per Share, Debt To Equity Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Pertumbuhan Laba sebagai Pemoderasi pada Perusahaan Food & Beverage yang Terdaftar di PT. Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2012

This study was conducted to examine the effect of company size , firm size are moderated earnings growth , debt to equity , debt to equity are moderated growth in earnings , earnings per share and earnings per share earnings growth moderated affect the profitability of the company. The population in this study areall food & beverage companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange ( IDX ) . Sampling was done by using purposive sampling method, namely the determination of the sample with the target or specific considerations. The Company elected to the sample in this study is based on these criteria are as manyas 33 companies. Analysis of data using multiple regesi method. The results of company size (X1) does not have a significant effect on the profitability of the company . Debt to Equity Ratio /DER (X2) has a significant effect on the profitability of the company. Earning Per Share /EPS (X3) has a significant effecton the profitability of the company. Size companies which is moderated by profit growth in earnings (X4) has no significant effect on the profitability of the company. Debt to Equity Ratio moderated by profit growth (X5) has no significant effect on the profitability of the company. Earning Per Share moderated by profit growth (X6) does not have a significant effect on the profitability of the company. The profitability explained by the variable i.e. company size, DER , EPS , debt to equity ratio and profit growth as moderating variables is equal to 67.3 %. Whileapproximately 22.7 % influenced by other variables not examined in this study, such as working capital, liquidity and firm age.Keywords : Company Size, Debt to Equity Ratio, Earnings Per Share, Company Size Moderated by Profit Growth, Debt to Equity Ratio Moderated by Profit Growth, Earnings Per Share Moderated by Profit Growth, Profitabilit

Identifikasi Jenis-jenis Pohon Penyusun Vegetasi Gambut Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu

Borneo has a diversity of flora is very rich, this island is a center of plants diversity. Approximately 15.000 species of flowering plants found in this island and there are more than 3000 species of which are trees. The data of plant species diversity in Kalimantan forests (Indonesia) is still lacks, in particular the data about tree species on peat swamp forests.The research was conducted on the peat swamp forest in Danau Sentarum National Park, Kapuas Hulu regency, West Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to know the trees species as the compiler of peat swamp vegetation in Danau Sentarum National Park with do identification. The method used in this research is the exploration and collection of flora that is done by way of cruising on the line transect, with exploring every corner of the research areas that can represent the type of ecosystem or vegetation types in the areas studied. Base on research, peat swamp forest in Danau Sentarum National Park has a diversity of tree species are quite high with the discovery of 107 trees species are classified into 48 family. From 48 family were found, Dipterocarpaceae is found with the highest number with 12 species. Diversity of flora in the peat forest is not too rich when compared to the diversity of flora in the mixed Dipterocarp forest, but most of the flora species grown on peat swamp forests is specific species because it is relatively rare found in other forest types. Keywords : Idenfication, Tree Species, Peat Swamp, Danau Sentaru

Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Kompetensi Kerja dan Pengendalian Intern terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kota Pariaman

This study aimed to examine the effect of work motivation, competence performance, and internal control of the performance of employees in the regional work units of Pariaman. The research was conducted on the regional work units ofPariaman.The population in this study were employees who work in the regional work units of Pariaman. Sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Respondents in this study is the Head of SKPD, Secretary of SKPD, Head of Sub Division of Finance, and Chief Financial administrator. The sample used in this study were 76 respondents. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis of the research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 21.0The results showed that the variables of work motivation, work competency, and internal control influence on employee performance SKPD of Pariaman.Keywords: Work motivation, competence performance, and internal control, and performance of employees in the regional work

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Return On Asset (Roa), Leverage dan Intensitas Modal terhadap Tarif Pajak Efektif (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Transportasi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2013)

This study aimed to determine the influence of size, return on asset (ROA), leverage and capital intencity to the effective tax rate. Independent variables used in this study are size, return on asset (ROA), leverage and capital intencity, while the dependent variable in this study is effective tax rate. Populations used in this study is transportation companies listed on IDX 2011-2013, where the total population is used by 15 companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique in which the number of observations obtained this study was 45 (15x3). Data analysis conducted with multiple regression model with help of software SPSS version 20,0. Of the result of the testing that has been done, the partial regression test (t test) showed that the independent variables size, leverage, capital intencity which has a significant influence on effective tax rate, while return on asset (ROA) variables did not influence the effective tax rate.the independent variable can explain dependent variable at 91,6%