El uso del chatbot como elemento de acción tutorial en la enseñanza universitaria

Abstract: It is of great importance to help and pay attention to students through different educational activities to ensure their participation in class and thus reduce the dropout rate. Traditionally, tutoring activities have been limited to face-to-face sessions in which students pose questions to the teacher. However, in a connected world with many available information systems, innovative tools are needed to facilitate and speed up both the study and the resolution of doubts in a comfortable way. Methods: This paper proposes using a chatbot based tutoring system as a novel educational experience focused on motivating universities students. Results: Besides, we provide a proof-of-concept implementation of a chatbot that answers questions as quickly and accurately possible at any time, in a comfortable way for the students, and at the same time it gathers feedback from the students regarding those topics that need to be explained in class in more detail. Conclusions: This experience is intended to increase the engagement and collaboration of both students and instructors and has helped to decrease the dropout rate in recent years.Resumen: Es de vital importancia ayudar y guiar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes a través de diferentes herramientas y actividades educativas que faciliten su participación en clase y permitan reducir la tasa de abandono. Tradicionalmente, las actividades de tutorización para estudiantes universitarios, se limita a reuniones presenciales en las que los estudiantes plantean preguntas al docente. Sin embargo, dadas las circunstancias actuales y ante un mundo conectado con muchos sistemas de información disponibles, se necesitan herramientas docentes innovadoras que faciliten el aprendizaje y una ágil resolución de dudas. Método: en este trabajo se propone la utilización de un sistema de tutorías, basado en el uso de un chatbot como experiencia educativa novedosa y orientada a motivar y facilitar el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: estudio aporta la implementación de un chatbot que responde de forma rápida y precisa, disponible en cualquier momento para solucionar dudas y facilitar el estudio de las materias a los estudiantes. Este chatbot además permite recopilar comentarios de los propios estudiantes sobre los temas que requieren ser explicados en clase con un mayor detalle. Conclusiones: El uso del chatbot tutorial, ha permitido aumentar el compromiso y la colaboración tanto de los estudiantes como de los docentes, disminuyendo la tasa del número de estudiantes que abandonan la asignatura.Ministerio Español de Economía y Competitividad - project TIN2017-85727-C4-2-P -UGR-DeepBio

Main Research Results on Emotional Intelligence in Spanish Teachers

Recepción: 10 de marzo de 2017Aceptado: 27 de marzo de 2017Correspondencia: M. Carmen AguilarCorreo-e: [email protected]: 0000-0001-9689-6283Dra. Marzia Fiorini. Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale (Italia). Identificador Dialnet: 778877Revisión por pares abierta (open peer review): Dr. José Miguel García Ramírez, Orcid: 0000-0002-9142-6503En la actualidad, el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional (IE) cobra una gran importancia dentro de la formación integral de la persona, por ello es fundamental desarrollarlo dentro de nuestro sistema educativo de manera significativa. Los profesores se deben convertir en educadores emocionales y para ello es necesario desarrollar dentro de su formación inicial, programas emocionales. Esta investigación se basa en la revisión de 16 estudios realizados con muestras docentes en España, en los que se mide la IE, se correlaciona con otros parámetros educativos y se comprueban la eficacia de programas emocionales. Los resultados indican que a nivel general, la inteligencia emocional de los profesores es “adecuada”, que los programas en entrenamiento en IE “aumentan” la inteligencia emocional y que el TMMS-24 es la escala más utilizada en el contexto español. Además se confirman las relaciones positivas entre la IE y el afecto emocional, el burnout y el optimismo. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se hace necesario implantar dentro de la formación del profesorado, programas de entrenamiento en inteligencia emocional para que mejore la calidad de vida, no sólo de los docentes, sino también de los alumnos, y por consiguiente mejore los resultados y la calidad educativa.Nowadays, the development of emotional intelligence (EI) has gained great importance in people’s personal growth. Thus, it is essential to promote it within our educational system in a significant manner. Teachers must become emotional educators. For that, it is important to develop emotional programs as part of their initial training. This investigation is based on a review of 16 studies, conducted with samples of teachers in Spain, which measures EI, correlates these measures with other educational parameters and confirms the efficacy of emotional programs. The results indicate on a general level: The emotional intelligence of professors is “appropriate”; training programs in EI increase emotional intelligence; and TMMS-24 is the scale most used in Spain. A positive relationship between EI, emotional affect, burnout and optimism is also confirmed. Based on the results obtained, it is necessary to introduce training programs in emotional intelligence into faculty training to improve the quality of lifestyle of both teachers and students, and consequently improve results and the quality of education.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

GENDER AND WORK FAMILY CONFLICT: TESTING THE RATIONAL MODEL AND THE GENDER ROLE EXPECTATIONS MODEL IN THE SPANISH CULTURAL CONTEXT

G utek, Searle, and Klepa (1991) proposed two models to explain the gender differences in work–family conflict: the rational model and the gender role expectations model. Both models have mostly been tested on American and Canadian samples, and have obtained partial support. Given the cultural differences between North American countries and Spain, we should question whether the two models are equally applicable to Spanish society or whether one of them captures Spanish men and women’s experience of work–family conflict better than the other. So, the aim of this study is to test which of the models better explains the gender differences in work–family conflict in the Spanish cultural context (or if, indeed, the two models apply equally well). Given the typical cultural dimensions of Spanish society, we expected to find greater support for the gender role expectations model than for the rational model. However, the results obtained in this study indicated that, while the rational model can explain the gender differences that were found, the gender role expectations model cannot capture Spanish people’s work–family conflict experiences. The results are interpreted in terms of cultural dimensions characteristic of the Spanish context

EIMECA: A Proposal for a Model of Environmental Collective Action

The deterioration and destruction of the environment is becoming more and more considerable and greater efforts are needed to stop it. To accomplish this feat, all members of society must identify with solving environmental problems, environmental collective action being one of the most relevant means of doing so. From this perspective, the analysis of the psychosocial factors that lead to participation in environmental collective action emerges as a priority objective in the research agenda. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the role of “environmental identity”, as conceptualized by Clayton, as a central axis for explaining environmental collective action. The inclusion of the latter in the theoretical framework of the SIMCA (social identity model of collective action) model gives rise to the model that we have called EIMECA (environmental identity model of environmental collective action). Two studies were conducted (344 and 720 participants, respectively), and structural equation modeling was used. The results reveal that environmental identity and a variety of negative emotional affects, as well as group efficacy, accompanied by hope for a simultaneous additive effect, are critical when it comes to predicting environmental collective action

O COMPORTAMENTO ECOLOGICO RESPONSÁVEL: UMA ANÁLISE DESDE OS VALORES BIOSFÉRICOS, SOCIAISALTRUÍSTAS E EGOÍSTAS

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la relación entre los valores y determinados comportamientos ecológicamente responsables, como estar dispuesto a hacer sacrificios personales a favor del medio ambiente, realizar conductas relacionadas con el consumo ecológico y realizar conductas relacionadas con la participación de los ciudadanos en pro del medio ambiente. Asimismo, se ha explorado la contribución de los valores a la explicación de cada conducta concreta. Para ello, se pidió a una muestra de 525 estudiantes universitarios con una media de edad de 21,31 años que contestaran a una escala de Valores Sociales que medía tres dimensiones de valor: valores biosféricos, valores social/altruista y valores egocéntricos junto a tres ítems con los que se medía cada una de las conductas consideradas. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la importancia de los valores, en especial los de tipo biosférico, a la hora de explicar el comportamiento ecológico responsable

VALORES HACIA EL TRABAJO DEL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA

The modern administration of the services of health of the community makes necessary readjustments and modifications of the organizational culture to achieve a bigger cohesion of the work teams that rebounds positively in the users of these services. In this sense, one of the factors to keep in mind, for their implications in the climate and in the development of the objectives of the organization, it would be the consistency among the values toward the work of supervisors and professionals to their position. On this base, the present work thinks about as objectives, on one hand, to identify the profile of values in the work that present the supervisors and its respective teams of nurses and, for other, to check if consistency exists among the profiles of values of both groups. For it, it has been selected a sample of 53 nurses and 4 supervisors of four different areas from infirmary of a hospital of the Andalusian community. All they answered the questionnaire of work values EVAT-30. The obtained results indicate that supervisors and nurses establish hierarchies of similar values and, therefore, with a high consistency grade. On the other hand, the dimensions of superior order more valued by both groups they have been those of Self-Enhancement and Conservation

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR AND THE VALUE-BELIEF-NORM MODEL REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENT, ON SPANISH HOUSEWIVES? RECYCLING BEHAVIOUR

Environmental behaviors have been analyzed from different theoretical models. The theory of planned behavior emphasizes the attitudinal aspects associated with behavior, while the value–belief–norm model regarding the environment focuses on the importance of moral components when setting environmental behaviors in motion. The objective of this study was to analyze both models, comparing both their degree of fit and their predictive power regarding recycling behavior. To do so, we used a sample made up of 154 Spanish housewives. The results indicated that despite the fact that the theory of planned behavior is a general model for predicting and explaining behavior, it has a greater degree of fit and greater capacity to predict recycling behavior than the value–belief–norm model regarding the environment

VALORES LABORALES Y PERCEPCIÓN DEL ESTILO DE LIDERAZGO EN PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA

To identify the profile of work values according to nursing professionals and analyze the relationship, if any, of such values with the perception of leadership styles. Material and Methods. The EVAT-30 and the SDBQ questionnaires were used in this study. The sample comprised 160 nurses of an Almería public hospital, in the south of Spain. This study was carried out in October 2005. Results. Values associated with authority/power, tradition, achievement and self-direction are deemed most important by nursing professionals. Perception of the task-oriented leader’s behavior positively correlates with values of authority/power, confidence and achievement, and negatively correlates with values of benevolence and universalism. Perception of the relationship/considerationoriented leader’s behavior positively correlates with values of universalism, achievement, tradition and self-direction. Conclusion. These results suggest that the perception of leadership styles may influence the set of values held in high esteem by subordinates

Work values and perception of leadership style in nursing staff

Objetivo. Identificar el perfil de los valores laborales de los profesionales de enfermería y analizar si se relacionan con el estilo de liderazgo percibido. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron las escalas de medida EVAT-30 y l SBDQ. Participaron 160 enfermeros/as de un hospital público de Almería, España. El estudio se realizó en octubre de 2005. Resultados. Los valores más apreciados por estos profesionales son: autoridad/ poder, tradición, logro y autodirección. La percepción del estilo de liderazgo orientado hacia la tarea, correlaciona positivamente con los valores autoridad/poder, seguridad y logro, y negativamente con los valores benevolencia y universalismo. La percepción del estilo de liderazgo orientado hacia la relación correlaciona positivamente con los valores universalismo, logro, tradición y autodirección. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que el estilo de liderazgo adoptado por el supervisor puede influir en el perfil de valores de los subordinados.Objective. To identify the profile of work values according to nursing professionals and analyze the relationship, if any, of such values with the perception of leadership styles. Material and Methods. The EVAT-30 and the SDBQ questionnaires were used in this study. The sample comprised 160 nurses of an Almería public hospital, in the south of Spain. This study was carried out in October 2005. Results. Values associated with authority/power, tradition, achievement and self-direction are deemed most important by nursing professionals. Perception of the task-oriented leader’s behavior positively correlates with values of authority/power, confidence and achievement, and negatively correlates with values of benevolence and universalism. Perception of the relationship/considerationoriented leader’s behavior positively correlates with values of universalism, achievement, tradition and self-direction. Conclusion. These results suggest that the perception of leadership styles may influence the set of values held in high esteem by subordinates

Influence of norms, values, proambiental beliefs and past behavior on recycle intention

Sobre la base del modelo del valor, las normas y las creencias hacia el medio ambiente propuesto por Stern y colaboradores (1999), en este trabajo se analiza, por una parte, el valor predictivo de la norma moral, los valores y las creencias asociadas a la conciencia ecológica sobre la intención de reciclar vidrio y, por otra, si la inclusión de la conducta pasada, mejora el poder predictivo de las variables del modelo. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra de 275 estudiantes universitarios. Realizado un análisis de regresión, los resultados indican que las variables que explican una mayor proporción de la varianza de la intención son la conducta pasada, la norma moral y los valores de orientación altruista. Respecto al segundo objetivo, se comprobó que la conducta pasada aumentaba considerablemente (21%) la proporción de la varianza de la intención conductual explicada por la norma personal. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de incluir medidas de conducta pasada con el objetivo de mejorar la capacidad predictiva del modelo aplicado a conductas de reciclaje de vidrio.On the base of the model of the value, the norms and the beliefs toward the environment proposed by Stern and collaborators (1999), in this work it is analyzed, on one hand, the predictive value of the moral norm, the values and the beliefs associated to the ecological conscience, on the intention of recycling glass and, for other, if the inclusion of the past behavior, improves the predictive power of the variables of the pattern. For it, a sample of 275 university students was selected. Carried out a regression analysis, the results indicate that the variables that explain a bigger proportion of the variance of the intention are the past behavior, the moral norm and the values of altruistic orientation. Regarding the second objective, it was checked that the past behavior increased considerably (21%) the proportion of the variance of the behavioral intention explained by the personal norm. These results show the importance of including measures of the past behavior to improve the predictive capacity of the model applied to behaviors of glass recycling