Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino como factor de riesgo para malformaciones congénitas

Indexación: ScieloAntecedentes: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) se estima que está presente en el 5% de los nacimientos y es la manifestación de procesos aberrantes que impiden el desarrollo normal del feto. Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de esta patología en la maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Obtener la tasa prevalencia al nacimiento de malformaciones congénitas (MFC) y comparar la frecuencia en recién nacidos pequeños (PEG) con los adecuados (AEG) y grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Método: Se estudian todos los nacimientos, vivos y mortinatos, ocurridos entre enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2008, contenidos en la base de datos del ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) desde 1969 a la fecha. Se excluyen los recién nacidos con malformaciones como hidrocefalia, anencefalia e hidrops, que por sus características dificultan la posibilidad de clasificación en PEG, AEG o GEG. Resultados: 10,1% de los nacimientos del período eran PEG. Entre los nacidos vivos 10% fueron PEG, mientras que 33,5% de los mortinatos eran PEG (p<0,05). Eran malformados el 12,9% de los PEG, 8,5% de los AEG y 9,3% de los GEG (p<0,05). La tasa global de malformaciones fue de 9,5%; en NV el 9,4% y en mortinatos el 33%. Conclusión: El RCIU es un factor que aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad fetal tardía y de presentar malformaciones congénitas.Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is the result of anomalies that prevent the normal development of the fetus, it is present in about the 5% of births. Objectives: To estímate the frequency of FGR in the Clini-cal Hospital of the University of Chile. To estímate the congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth and compare it among small (SGE), adequate (AGE) and large (LGE) newborns according their gestational age. Methods: All live births and stillbirths included in the ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas) registered from January 1997 and December 2008 were considered. Newborns with congenital malformations that modified per se the size of the child, like hydrocephaly anencephaly and hydrops were excluded. Results: 10.1% of newborns were SGE. Among live births 10% were SGE instead of the 33.5% found in stillbirths (p<0.05). Congenital malformation rate at birth was 12.9% in SGE, 8.5% in AGE and 9.3% in LGE newborns (p<0.05). The global congenital malformation prevalence rate at birth was 9.5%; 9.4% in live newborns and 33% in stillbirth. Conclusión: The FGR increase the risk of late fetal mortality and congenital anomalies.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-75262009000600008&nrm=is

Vigilancia epidemiológica del síndrome de Down en Chile, 1972 a 2005

International audienceRoutledge, 2014, 422

Increasing rates of Down syndrome among newborns in Chile from 1972 to 2005

Background: There are some records shrowing that the frequency of Down syndrome is experiencing an increase over time. Aim: To verify whether the frequency of Down syndrome is increasing in the maternity of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, or in Other Chilean hospitals participating in the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and compare the rates with other world registries of congenital malformations. Material and methods: The information was obtained from the ECLAMC databases of the maternity. The Down syndrome incidence rates were calculated from 1997 to 2005 and rate curves were constructed. Results: The overall rate of Down syndrome was 3.36 per 10,000 born alive. This rate experienced a significant increase in the study period. These rate differ in the different Chilean regions, being higher in Santiago and lower in the Southern regions of the country. The mean age of mothers of newborns with or without Down syndrome was 36 +/- 6 and 29 +/- 6 years, respectively, p > 0.001. Conclusions: The rates of newborns with Down syndrome increased in the period 1972-2005, hearing a close relationship with The increase in maternal ages

The frequency of twin pregnancies increased in a Chilean hospital associated with periconceptional flour folic acid supplementation

Background: A significant increase in the frequency of twins has been described in the literature as a secondary effect of perinatal supplementation with folic acid. Aim: To verify if the frequency of twins increased in a Chilean hospital, after the start of flour folic acid supplementation. Material and methods: The frequency of twins was compared in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, before and after the start of flour fortification with folic acid. Results: There was a 34% increase in the frequency of twins during the post fortification period (2001-2004) as compared with the previous period (1998-2000). A decrease in the frequency of male twins, when compared with single newborns, was also observed in the post fortification period. There was a higher frequency of stillborns among twins, when compared with single newborns. Conclusions: The frequency of twin pregnancies increased after flour folic acid supplementation in sample of Chilean population