DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED OCULAR INSERT BY USING PLANTAGO OVATA†AS NATURAL POLYMER

Objective: The present work focus in the direction of Development and evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride loaded ocular insert by using plantago ovata†as natural polymerâ€. The current work was carried out to evaluate the control release profile of ocular insert. Natural polymer in ocular insert was used for studying the long acting property. Natural polymer is also used to enhance the bioavailability of drug and reduce toxicity. It is also used to increase the duration of action of drug for prolongs action and gives better in vitro performance as compare than to the conventional ocular formulation.Methods: Solvent casting method was used in the formulation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride loaded ocular inserts. Different ocular insert formulations of varying polymer concentration were prepared. Ocular insert formulation H-1 to H-3 was prepared by using different concentration of HPMC and formulation P-1 to P-4 was prepared by using different concentration of Plantago Ovata.Results: The ocular inserts formulation was within the acceptable limits. All the pre formulation parameters of polymers such as derived properties, compressibility index, Hausner's ratio, viscosity, melting point, swelling ratio, loss on drying, PH of mucilage solution and pre formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredient such as estimation of drug by using UV spectroscopy, determination of melting point, solubility, partition coefficient and FTIR for compatibility study of drug and excipient were evaluation. FTIR analysis also confirmed no drug-excipient interaction.Conclusion: Prepared inserts in the present study were semitransparent. The mixing of the drug in to the polymer is uniform, due to this; the drug content of all formulation is good. Formulation P4 was selected because it showed better release profile, drug content and other physicochemical properties than other formulated batch when compare. All the prepared inserts showed in vitro drug release for the period of 4 h as compare to the marketed formulation. An in vitro drug release study revealed that ocular formulation gives a prolong action. The formulation was found to be long acting

Improved Kerogen Models for Determining Thermal Maturity and Hydrocarbon Potential of Shale

Kerogen is the insoluble component of organic-rich shales that controls the type and amount of hydrocarbons generated in conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Significant progress has recently been made in developing structural models of kerogen. However, there is still a large gap in understanding the evolution of the molecular components of kerogen with thermal maturation and their hydrocarbon (HC) generative potential. Here, we determine the variations in different molecular fragments of kerogen from a Marcellus Shale maturity series (with VRo ranging from 0.8 to 3) using quantitative 13C MultiCP/MAS NMR and MultiCP NMR/DD (dipolar dephasing). These molecular variations provide insight into the (1) evolution of the molecular structure of kerogen with increasing thermal maturity and, (2) the primary molecular contributors to HC generation. Our results also indicate that old model equations based on structural parameters of kerogen underestimate the thermal maturity and overestimate the HC generation potential of Marcellus Shale samples. This could primarily be due to the fact that the kerogen samples used to reconstruct old models were mostly derived from immature shales (VRo \u3c1) acquired from different basins with varying depositional environments. We utilized the kerogen molecular parameters determined from the Marcellus maturity series samples to develop improved models for determining thermal maturity and HC potential of Marcellus Shale. The models generated in this study could also potentially be applied to other shales of similar maturity range and paleo-depositional environments

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LUMEFANTRINE CAPSULE PREPARED BY USING LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUE

Objective: The objective of present research work was to formulate and evaluate of Lumefantrine capsule by using novel liquisolid technique to give increased dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug Lumefantrine.Methods: Formulation of lumefantrine capsule using drug solution and suspension method was used. Different liquisolid formulations were prepared using a mathematical model for calculating required quantities of powder and liquid ingredients to produce an acceptably flowable and compressible admixture. Liquisolid capsule formulation F-1 to F-9 were prepared by using different type and different concentration of non-volatile solvent like PEG-400, Tween 80, propylene glycol and avicels, aerosil as carrier and coating material respectively.Results: The liquisolid formulation were within the acceptable limits and drug release rates of all prepared liquisolid were distinctly higher as compared to pure drug. Lumefantrine shows maximum solubility in tween 80 as a non-volatile solvent. All the preformulation parameters were evaluated such as organoleptic characterization of the drug sample, melting point, pH, identification of drug samples by using UV spectroscopy and FTIR analytical method, preparation of calibration curves, solubility studies of drug sample like qualitative, quantitative and pH-dependent solubility of the drug in a buffer solution of different pH. They were further processed for solid-state characterization such as, DSC and SEM and the results confirmed the transformation of native crystalline nature of drug to an amorphous state. FTIR analysis also confirmed no drug-excipient interaction. Liquisolid formulations showed improved in vitro dissolution behaviour of lumefantrine over that of pure drug.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that liquisolid method is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-insoluble drugs

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION OF VALSARTAN

Objective: The objective of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate Valsartan nanosuspension by nanoprecipitation ultra sonication method using different polymers to enhance solubility and bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug.Methods: Formulation of nanosuspension of valsartan by nanoprecipitation technique was used. The nanosuspension formulations were prepared using different polymers such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose E50, polyvinyl pyrollidone k-30, polyethene glycol 6000 and sodium lauryl sulphate was used as the surfactant.Results: The formulation of nanosuspension was formed clear and no sedimentation was seen on further shaking. The nanosuspension formulations were Valsatan shows maximum solubility in HPMC as a non-volatile solvent. All the Preformulation parameters were evaluated such as organoleptic characterization of drug sample, melting point, pH, partition coefficient, identification of drug samples by using UV spectroscopy and FTIR analytical method, preparation of calibration curves, solubility studies of drug sample like qualitative, quantitative and pH dependent solubility of drug in different pH buffer solution. The viscosity of the dispersion medium was more in F10.895 mPa-s and F2 0.894 mPa-s than the other formulations. The particle size distribution of the nanosuspension with zeta potential found to be negative mv. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was no possible interaction between drug and polymer.Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that in recent advances in novel drug delivery system aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for administration and to achieve better patient compliance, one such approach is nanosuspension

Study of uterine artery embolization: a newer modality in secondary PPH

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage remains a major cause of both maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study reflects the clinical outcomes including clinical effectiveness, and safety of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of obstetrical uterine hemorrhage at a tertiary-care hospital, in terms of secondary PPH.Methods: The data were collected as a retrospective study from SAMC and PGI obstetric and gynecology department 12 women with secondary pph were included in the study.Results: With the use of uterine artery embolization 12 women were successfully treated amongst them maximum patients were in 26-35 yrs of age and mean age of women were 32.4yrs and gravidity of patients presenting with pph is 3 or more.Conclusions: Selective UAE is a safe and effective method to control obstetric hemorrhage. Blood product requirements after UAE were low, and the surgical risks and absolute loss of fertility associated with hysterectomy were avoided

SELF NANO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF RAMIPRIL: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Objective: The primary goal of the present work was to formulate and evaluate self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of ramipril in order to improve the solubility of this highly lipophilic antihypertensive drug.Methods: SNEDDS are generally liquid form preparations obtained by homogeneously mixing drug substance with oils, surfactants and co-surfactants using cyclomixer. Based on solubility studies Capmul PG8 NF, Gelucire 44/14 and Transcutol P were selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively in order to prepare SNEDDS. Nine different SNEDDS formulations were prepared and subjected to various evaluation tests in order to obtain optimized SNEDDS formulation.Results: The SNEDDS formulations with 16.5-24.75 % of oil, 24.75-68.75 % of surfactant and 12.375-41.25 % of co-surfactant formed thermodynamically stable emulsion with droplet size ranging from 22.6-188.8 nm. Finally, out of 9 different SNEDDS formulations, SN9 formulation was optimized containing 16.5 % of oil, 68.75 % of surfactant and 13.75 % of co-surfactant as it formed a thermodynamically stable emulsion with least globule size (22.6 nm) and without any drug precipitation or phase separation.Conclusion: Finally, stable, optimized SNEDDS formulation of ramipril was successfully prepared that showed significant improvement in the rate of dissolution of ramipril.Keywords: Self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), Ramipril, Emulsification time, Ternary phase diagram, Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF)

Assessment of Periodontal status in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis : a retrospective, case-control study

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and periodontitis both represent chronic inflammatory disorders that share similar pathophysiological processes. However, very few studies have been done to address the link between the two diseases which remains poorly understo

Unusual foreign body in oropharynx: a case report

Foreign body in oropharynx is common occurrence. We report a case of a 7 month old male baby who presented with complaint of feeding difficulty and later diagnosed as case of  foreign body oropharynx i.e. wheat stalk of 5 cm with overlying husk based on detailed history and meticulous examination

Primary tuberculous mastitis with cold abscess: a case report

Primary tuberculosis of the mammary gland is a rare disorder often mistaken for other benign and malignant lesions of the breast. We report a case of 18 year old female who presented with swelling over right breast for 4 months. Later she developed creamy discharge from the swelling followed by decrease in its size. It proved to be a case of Primary tubercular mastitis with breast cold abscess

Assessment of perimenopausal bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common presenting complaints encountered in a Gynecologist's office and accounts for almost 10% consultations in any busy out-patient clinic. Perimenopause is defined as the time around menopause during which menstrual cycle and endocrine changes are occurring but 12 months of amenorrhea has not yet occurred. Patients usually present first to their family physicians, who can do most of the diagnostic workup and management.Methods: 200 women of perimenopausal age group with AUB presenting to gynecology OPD and wards of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SAMC & PGI, Indore. The study was conducted from May 2013 to April 2014.Results: In our present study majority (57%) of the women in our study were in the age group 40-45 years and rest were having age more than 46 years. In our present study 52% of the women presented with menorrhagia, 16.5% presented with polymenorrhagia, 11.5% presented with metropathia haemorrhagica, 9% presented with polymenorrhoea, 4.5% presented with metrorrhagia.Conclusions: There are various menstrual irregularities during perimenopausal period, some due to variation in hormones which are physiological some due to pathological changes. Every case of perimenopausal bleeding needs evaluation. Base line investigations should be offered to all the patients. Public awareness programme in the community and yearly physical checkup should be advised to all the patients