Object-Proposal Evaluation Protocol is 'Gameable'

Object proposals have quickly become the de-facto pre-processing step in a number of vision pipelines (for object detection, object discovery, and other tasks). Their performance is usually evaluated on partially annotated datasets. In this paper, we argue that the choice of using a partially annotated dataset for evaluation of object proposals is problematic -- as we demonstrate via a thought experiment, the evaluation protocol is 'gameable', in the sense that progress under this protocol does not necessarily correspond to a "better" category independent object proposal algorithm. To alleviate this problem, we: (1) Introduce a nearly-fully annotated version of PASCAL VOC dataset, which serves as a test-bed to check if object proposal techniques are overfitting to a particular list of categories. (2) Perform an exhaustive evaluation of object proposal methods on our introduced nearly-fully annotated PASCAL dataset and perform cross-dataset generalization experiments; and (3) Introduce a diagnostic experiment to detect the bias capacity in an object proposal algorithm. This tool circumvents the need to collect a densely annotated dataset, which can be expensive and cumbersome to collect. Finally, we plan to release an easy-to-use toolbox which combines various publicly available implementations of object proposal algorithms which standardizes the proposal generation and evaluation so that new methods can be added and evaluated on different datasets. We hope that the results presented in the paper will motivate the community to test the category independence of various object proposal methods by carefully choosing the evaluation protocol.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 4 table

Chief Minister’s Jan Awas Yojna-2015 – An Emerging Prospect Of Affordable Housing In Rajasthan

 After independence, the country's urban population has exploded. The migration of people from rural and semi-urban areas to urban areas is a common occurrence. They face a significant shelter challenge in urban areas, which is out of reach due to scarce resources, expensive property, construction materials, and labour, as well as a general lack of infrastructure in urban areas. As a result, policymakers must take a constructive position in encouraging the development of EWS and LIG housing stock in urban areas. According to TG-12 reports, the poorer parts of India accounted for 96 percent of the housing shortage.3 As a result policy proposals were needed to close the gap between urban housing demand and supply. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna-2015 (Urban) and the Chief Minister's Jan Awas Yojna-2015 (Rajasthan) will serve as a watershed moment in this regard. Central and state governments strategically manage the cost of affordable housing units for the EWS and LIG segments by subsidizing affordable houses and extending various incentives, exemptions, rebates, relaxations, interest subsidy, and facilities to various stakeholders with the aim of maximising the use of valuable urban lands to provide EWS and LIG houses at affordable rates to targeted groups. This research paper aims to evaluate the integration of both schemes in order to meet affordable housing goals in the state of Rajasthan, as well as summarise the perspectives of various stakeholders on both schemes

Model Driven Architecture: A Review of Current Literature

There are numerous Model Driver Engineering (MDE) methodologies but Object Management Group (OMG) approved of Model Driver Architecture (MDA). MDA methodology has a target to systemize the software progressing procedure with the use of models rather than the old-fashioned coding based on isolation of the related theory. During the month of June in the year 2014, OMG brought second edition of MDA guide into the market in attempt to understand about essential values and to back first edition of MDA guide which came out in 2003 and had thorough provisions included within. An interval of 11 years allows the investigators to come out of behind and put forward their viewpoint with the various clarifications of MDA provisions. People often gets mistaken and consumed about what is outside of MDA scope and what is inside it. Severely mentioning to MDA standard (not MDE in general), a review of present MDA Literature is given by us here. A bit of a spotlight is also cast upon the MDA research directions, more particularly upon mechanizations of MDA progress procedure and the raised areas which it aims

Seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibody among patients visiting a large clinic in Uttar Pradesh

Background: The study was conducted to determine the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antibody titre among patients who visited our clinic in Lucknow in order to find out the prevalence of sero positivity and to determine the association between COVID anti-body titre and positivity to different age groups, sex, and religions etc., if any.Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted at Lucknow's Sitara polyclinic from patients’ data, who had attended the clinic between May 2021 and July 2021 and had universally undergone COVID antibody testing. COVID antibody (including IgG) levels in patients' blood were determined using Roche's commercial "Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV2-cobas e411,601,602 system.by Roche which measure by Eclia (electro chemilusence immunoassay) quantitatively antibodies (including IgG). Patients with titres less than 1 u/ml were deemed seronegative for anti –SARS COVID-2, while those with titres greater than or equal to 1 u/ml were declared seropositive.Results: The overall rate of seropositivity was 84.8%. Around 84.5% males and 85.1% females were seropositive. Seropositivity was higher among 18 to 60 years of age. But there was no significant relation between mean age and seropositivity. Muslims had slightly higher seropositivity (86.0%) as compared to non-Muslims (84.5%). There was no significant difference between age and gender having positive COVID 19 antibody titres. Although the incidence of seropositivity was similar between Muslims and Non-Muslims, the antibody titres were significantly higher in Muslim patients.Conclusions: In this part of central eastern UP, incidence of seropositivity could already be as high as 85%, which is a pointer toward adequate herd immunity. COVID-19 does not differentiate on the basis of age, gender or religious affiliations. However, Muslims were found to have more antibody titres compared to non-Muslims, possibly related to life style, degree of exposure to COVID-19 virus and presence of inherent immunity

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by dilated ventricles and a combination of gait impairment, cognition impairment, and loss of urinary control (urgency and incontinence). The only effective treatment for NPH is a CSF shunt; however, only a small percentage of patients ever receive it. The features of gait impairment in patients with NPH are difficult to distinguish from patients of neurodegenerative disorders with motor involvement, such as parkinsonism or dementia with Lewy bodies. CT or MRI imaging is required for the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. An Evans ratio of more than 0.3 indicates large ventricles, and a ratio of more than 0.33 indicates very large ventricles, but is not specific for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. The international and Japanese guidelines support shunt surgery as effective treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, as does the American Academy of Neurology practice guideline. There is a need to provide longitudinal care of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunt surgery as all symptoms respond well to shunt surgery