Understanding pelvic floor in women

Change from quadruped to erect posture has resulted in changes in the human pelvis. This has resulted in pelvis supporting the abdominal viscera. The bony pelvis is deficient on inferior aspect. Muscles covered by fascia on superior and inferior aspect. A good knowledge of pelvic floor is very basic and mandatory for any gynecologist as pelvic floor is crucial to support the pelvic organs and is required to maintain urinary and fecal continence

Comparison of Placental Location on Ultrasound in Preeclampsia and Normotensive Pregnancy in Third Trimester

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy account for 15%–20% maternal and 20%–25% perinatal mortality. There is interest in predicting preeclampsia (PE) early in pregnancy to reduce PE and its subsequent complications. There is no cheap and easily available, reliable predictor for PE. Some studies have shown that the lateral location of placenta is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes due to PE. The lateral placenta is yet to be proven as a strong predictor of PE to initiate preventive measures. Placental localization can be easily done on routine ultrasonography during pregnancy. In the light of these observations, a prospective study was done to study any association between PE and placental location by ultrasound in third trimester. Research Question: Is there any association between placental location on ultrasound and preeclampsia in third trimester? The objective is to study association between location of placenta and preeclampsia and compare placental location in normotensive pregnancies with that in PE in third trimester. Methods: A prospective comparative, case–control, observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at North DMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India, from August 2019 to April 2020. The study population included 200 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy in third trimester, without any medical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal disease, cardiac disease, and coagulation disorder or smoking. One hundred women had preeclampsia and 100 were normotensive controls. Ultrasound was done after filling F form as per the Government of India guidelines to rule out sex determination, and placenta was localized by ultrasound. Placenta was classified as central when it was equally distributed between the right and left sides of the uterus irrespective of anterior, posterior, or fundal position and lateral when 75% or more of the placental mass was on one side of the midline. Placental location was compared in hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies. Results: Out of the total 200 women, 152 (76%) had central and 48 (24%) had lateral placenta. Ninety-two percent of controls and 60% of cases had central placenta. Forty percent of cases and only 8% normotensive women had lateral placenta. Lateral placenta was five times more frequent in presence of PE as compared to normotensive controls. Out of 152 women with central placenta, 92 (60.5%) women were normotensive but with lateral placenta, only 8 (16.7%) had normal blood pressure. PE was present in 83% of women with lateral placenta and in only 39.47% with central placenta. This difference was statistically significant as P < 0.0001 as per Chi-square test. This reflects a significant association between lateral position of placenta and occurrence of PE. As per odds ratio (0.1304) patients without lateral placenta had 90% protection against preeclampsia. Conclusion: Central placenta is more common than lateral placenta. Lateral placenta is seen five times more frequently among hypertensive women and this difference is statistically significant. The absence of lateral placenta provides 90% protection against PE but the severity of PE was not affected by placental location.

Fuzzy Identification-Based Encryption for healthcare user face authentication

Background: Internet of Medical Things (IOMT) has the potential to monitor health continuously and in real-time. One of the main issues that arise in IOMT is how securely the data can be transmitted to the clinical team. In this project, biometric Identity-based encryption was utilized using the Fuzzy-IBE (Identity-based encryption) scheme that uses face features of the clinicians to create the public key. Figure 1 shows the testbed setup designed to improve the privacy and security of the patients’ healthcare data. Methods: The testbed comprises an ESP32 platform sensing and encrypting data, the Nvidia Jetson Nano for data collection and decryption, and the Thingsboard online platform for vital information visualization. Fuzzy Identity-Based Encryption (FIBE) 1–3 uses legitimate users’ facial features. The encrypted vital information is transmitted to the Edge-device (Jetson Nano) through BLE/Wi-Fi. On the edge-device of the healthcare system, the face authentication mechanism verifies the user's (clinician) legitimacy to assess the data. Upon user authentication, their facial features will be used to generate a private decryption key that can decrypt the received encrypted data. The data is further sent to the core cloud (Thingsboard) for storage and visualization. To secure the data on the cloud, we deployed an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) model using deep learning to identify the inter-domain stream of malicious traffic. Results: The face authentication testing using Fuzzy Identity-based Cryptography relied on a public data set. The execution time was calculated for Encryption (time to encrypt the patient's vital data using a public key of health physician's facial features) and decryption (time to match at least d components of the ciphertext and perform message decryption). The experimental results are reported in Table 1. Conclusion: In today's age of advanced telecommunication technology, cyber security is a very important factor. The designed testbed setup in this work showcases how healthcare data can be secured against malicious attacks

Improved Analysis of RNA Localization by Spatially Restricted Oxidation of RNA–Protein Complexes

Recent analysis of transcriptomes has revealed that RNAs perform a myriad of functions beyond encoding proteins. Critical to RNA function is its transport to unique subcellular locations. Despite the importance of RNA localization, it is still very challenging to study in an unbiased manner. We recently described the ability to tag RNA molecules within subcellular locations through spatially restricted nucleobase oxidation. Herein, we describe a dramatic improvement of this protocol through the localized oxidation and tagging of proteins. Isolation of RNA-protein complexes enabled the enrichment of challenging RNA targets on chromatin and presented a considerably optimized protocol for the analysis of RNA subcellular localization within living cells

A Testbed Implementation of a Biometric Identity-Based Encryption for IoMT-enabled Healthcare System

Historically, health data was stored locally on the hospital's server as patient health records, and we had to rely on the planned check-up during doctor's visits. Now, we can monitor health continuously and in real-time. Remote healthcare monitoring can also be helpful in setting up alerts, allowing early intervention and treatment. In this way, the patient gets timely treatment, avoids doctor visits or hospitalization hassles, and reduces healthcare expenses. Additionally, in an ambulance, real-time patient data can be sent to the physician via wireless communication which can save the life of a critical patient. The critical problem that arises in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is how securely the health vitals can be transmitted to the physician. There are numerous ways to transmit data securely to the physician, however Identity-based cryptography is the most popular these days to provide solutions for secure transmission. Identity-based cryptography is the public key cryptography in which an arbitrary string representing an individual is used as a public key. Biometric information based public key generation by identity based encryption is a potential candidate for providing a solution to such a problem. In this work, we propose using facial biometric information of the clinicians to create a public key for encrypting health vitals of a patient

Improved Analysis of RNA Localization by Spatially Restricted Oxidation of RNA–Protein Complexes

Recent analysis of transcriptomes has revealed that RNAs perform a myriad of functions beyond encoding proteins. Critical to RNA function is its transport to unique subcellular locations. Despite the importance of RNA localization, it is still very challenging to study in an unbiased manner. We recently described the ability to tag RNA molecules within subcellular locations through spatially restricted nucleobase oxidation. Herein, we describe a dramatic improvement of this protocol through the localized oxidation and tagging of proteins. Isolation of RNA–protein complexes enabled the enrichment of challenging RNA targets on chromatin and presented a considerably optimized protocol for the analysis of RNA subcellular localization within living cells

Assaying RNA Localization <i>in Situ</i> with Spatially Restricted Nucleobase Oxidation

We report herein a novel chemical-genetic method for assaying RNA localization within living cells. RNA localization is critical for normal physiology as well as the onset of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its importance, there is a real lack of chemical methods to directly assay RNA localization with high resolution in living cells. Our novel approach relies on <i>in situ</i> nucleobase oxidation by singlet oxygen generated from spatially confined fluorophores. We demonstrate that our novel method can identify RNA molecules localized within specific cellular compartments. We anticipate that this platform will provide the community with a much-needed methodology for tracking RNA localization within living cells, and set the stage for systematic large scale analysis of RNA localization in living systems

CrowdLoc

Determining the location of a mobile user is central to several crowd-sensing applications. Using a Global Positioning System is not only power-hungry, but also unavailable in many locations. While there has been work on cellular-based localization, we consider an unexplored opportunity to improve location accuracy by combining cellular information across multiple mobile devices located near each other. For instance, this opportunity may arise in the context of public transport units having multiple travelers. Based on theoretical analysis and an extensive experimental study on several public transportation routes in two cities, we show that combining cellular information across nearby phones considerably improves location accuracy. Combining information across phones is especially useful when a phone has to use another phone’s fingerprint database, in a fingerprinting-based localization scheme. Both the median and 90 percentile errors reduce significantly. The location accuracy also improves irrespective of whether we combine information across phones connected to the same or different cellular operators. Sharing information across phones can raise privacy concerns. To address this, we have developed an id-free broadcast mechanism, using audio as a medium, to share information among mobile phones. We show that such communication can work effectively on smartphones, even in real-life, noisy-road conditions