MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SUSTAINABILITY (BASED ON QMS, EMS, H&S AND BUSINESS INDICATORS)

Sustainability is one of those buzz words recently introduced in our vocabulary to explain present state of life support systems. In this respect there are number of definitions which are describing specific aspect of sustainability notion. The management system is complex system and requires adequate tool to measure sustainability as the complexity property of management system. The lecture will enlight the historical background of the sustainability development and emphasizes its importance for the management system validation. The complexity of sustainability notion is characterized by multi-dimensional structure including indicators of different scale. The application of sustainability development to the management system requires respective methodology and procedure. The complexity of management system is defined as structure of elements which comprise individual functionality within the management system. Each element is described with number of indicators. The methodology is based on multi- criteria evaluation of the system. The Sustainability Index, which introduces the quality measure for the management system, is derived by agglomeration of indicators for those systems elements. Quality of the management system is an immanent property which requires specific procedure and methodology to be measured. One of the most reliably methods is the multi-criteria Sustainability Index measurement. This evaluation method is based on the priority list formation among the options under consideration, the essential feature of the evaluation method possibility to obtain the effect of different constrain on the priority list

Influence of the critical sticking velocity on the growth rate of particulate fouling in waste incinerators

Fouling of heat transfer surfaces introduces a major uncertainty into the design and operation of heat exchange equipment. Fouling layers as observed on the tube bundles of the economiser in a Dutch waste incinerator were thin and powdery. The fouling layer showed an asymptotic growth rate with a levelling off increase of the thickness. In this study, the influence of the critical sticking velocity on the growth rate of particulate fouling layers is described. The critical sticking velocity of an incident particle hitting a powdery layer is defined as the maximum impact speed at which the particle will stick to the layer. Since the critical sticking velocity is a key parameter in the deposition mechanism, a well-defined experimental set-up has been built to assign it. Experimental results showed that the critical sticking velocity increases with the porosity of the fouling layer. Literature shows that the porosity of a thin sintered powdery layer changes with the layer thickness. Based on the experimental results and the variation of porosity with thickness for a thin sintered powdery fouling layers, a correlation is developed which shows that the sticking velocity decreases exponentially as the fouling layer thickness increases. Therefore, fewer particles are likely to stick as the fouling layer builds up and consequently the deposition rate decreases. The change in the critical sticking velocity as the fouling layer builds up contributes to the explanation of the asymptotic growth of particulate fouling layers on the tube bundle of waste incinerators