CEK SIMILARITY "ANTI CONVULSANT EFFECT OF Centella asiatica FRACTIONS AND HISTOPATOLOGY STUDY OF LIVER AND KIDNEY"

Background. Seizure is an neurologik issue that relatively much be found. Treatment with conventional chemical remedies are more expensive beside their limited distribution. conventional remedies have a lot of side effects. Therefore, needed to find a new alternative treatment that more safe, effective and selective to suppress seizure as anti convulsant. Pennywort ( Centella asiatica (b) urb ) has effect as anti convulsant. Ethanol extract of Pennywort herb also known could have sedative effects on mice because it contains with brahminoshide and brahmoshide glycosides using their cholinergic mechanism. Objective. The aim of this research is to know whether ethyl acetat fraction and unsoluble ethyl acetate fraction of pennywort herb can be used as anti convulsant. Methods. This research conducted using mice which divided in eight groups which consisted of 7 mices per group. The classification of the group consists of negative control (suspension of CMC 5 %), ethyl acetate fraction group with dose 100mg/KgBW, 200mg/KgBW, 400mg/KgBW, unsoluble ethyl acetate fraction group with dose 100mg/KgBW, 200mg/KgBW and 400mg/KgBW, and positive control group (fenobarbital 100mg/KgBW). To make convulsion condition, mice induced using PTZ dose 80Kg/BW. This test lasted for 7 days. The result was analyzed by using post hoc test and Mann Whitney method were also used to compare each sample. The significant value was accepted if P<0.05. Outcome measured. The parameters of anti convulsant including time of duration. The histopatology tested on liver and kidney. Results. Unsoluble ethyl acetate fraction dose 400 mg/KgBB has the ability to reduce duration time. Histopathology test showed that ethyl acetat fraction dose 100mg/KgBW and unsoluble ethyl acetat fraction dose 400mg/KgBW significantly increase repairment of kidney damage induced by PTZ. Conclusion. Conclusion that not all fractions have the ability as anti convulsant. Keywords : Anti convulsant, Centella asiatica, ethyl acetate fraction, unsoluble ethyl acetate fraction, Phentylenetetrazole (PTZ)

A Dose-Response Relationship between Types of Physical Activity and Distress

This study aimed to examine whether a dose-response relationship exists between psychological distress and types of physical activity (total, occupational, and leisure-time). The study subjects (233 men and 313 women) were recruited for a study on cardiovascular disease in the Yangpyeong community located in South Korea. The type and characteristics of physical activity were measured with a modified version of the Stanford 5 city project's questionnaire by well-trained interviewers using a standard protocol. The Psychological Well-being Index-Short Form was used to assess psychological distress. Both the intensity and duration of time in either total physical activity or occupational physical activity (OPA) were not related to the distress score. However, a long duration of time (1 hr/day) in severely intensive (≥6 metabolic equivalent) OPA was related to a high distress score in men (14.1 for none vs. 19.7, p-for-trend=0.005), even after the adjustment for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). A long duration in time (1 hr/day) in LTPA was related to a lower distress score in men independent of their OPA (16.7 for none vs. 13.1, p-for-trend=0.02). In conclusion, the dose-response relationship of physical activity on psychological distress appeared to differ among the different types of activities. The type of activity may be an important determinant of whether physical activity produces psychological benefits

The Muslim problematic: Muslims, state schools and security

Muslims are folk-devils that mark the ubiquitous moral panic. For some, the idea of the Muslim problematic signifies a long and worrying trend of creeping ‘Islamification’ of state schools. For others, the discourse of the Muslim problematic reflects the ongoing racial patholigisation of Britain’s minoritised communities. One thing is for certain, the current debate marks a significant moment in the nature and function of the neoliberal state as it reframes race relation policy in Britain in the light of the security agenda. The Trojan Horse affair, surrounding claims of infiltration of radical Islam in state-run schools, marks a significant moment in the embedding of the security agenda in Britain’s inner city schools through the medium of the Prevent agenda. It argues that one of the best ways of understanding the security agenda is by locating it within a broader sociological and historical context of the functioning of the racial state

Gender ‘hostility’, rape, and the hate crime paradigm

This article examines whether crimes motivated by, or which demonstrate, gender ‘hostility’ should be included within the current framework of hate crime legislation in England and Wales. The article uses the example of rape to explore the parallels (both conceptual and evidential) between gender‐motivated violence and other ‘archetypal’ forms of hate crime. It is asserted that where there is clear evidence of gender hostility during the commission of an offence, a defendant should be pursued in law additionally as a hate crime offender. In particular it is argued that by focusing on the hate‐motivation of many sexual violence offenders, the criminal justice system can begin to move away from its current focus on the ‘sexual’ motivations of offenders and begin to more effectively challenge the gendered prejudices that are frequently causal to such crimes