3,403 research outputs found
Entanglement of Conceptual Entities in Quantum Model Theory (QMod)
We have recently elaborated 'Quantum Model Theory' (QMod) to model situations
where the quantum effects of contextuality, interference, superposition,
entanglement and emergence, appear without the entities giving rise to these
situations having necessarily to be of microscopic nature. We have shown that
QMod models without introducing linearity for the set of the states. In this
paper we prove that QMod, although not using linearity for the state space,
provides a method of identification for entangled states and an intuitive
explanation for their occurrence. We illustrate this method for entanglement
identification with concrete examples
Observational signatures of convectively driven waves in massive stars
We demonstrate observational evidence for the occurrence of convectively
driven internal gravity waves (IGW) in young massive O-type stars observed with
high-precision CoRoT space photometry. This evidence results from a comparison
between velocity spectra based on 2D hydrodynamical simulations of IGW in a
differentially-rotating massive star and the observed spectra.We also show that
the velocity spectra caused by IGW may lead to detectable line-profile
variability and explain the occurrence of macroturbulence in the observed line
profiles of OB stars. Our findings provide predictions that can readily be
tested by including a sample of bright slowly and rapidly rotating OB-type
stars in the scientific programme of the K2 mission accompanied by
high-precision spectroscopy and their confrontation with multi-dimensional
hydrodynamic simulations of IGW for various masses and ages.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal Letter
The Guppy Effect as Interference
People use conjunctions and disjunctions of concepts in ways that violate the
rules of classical logic, such as the law of compositionality. Specifically,
they overextend conjunctions of concepts, a phenomenon referred to as the Guppy
Effect. We build on previous efforts to develop a quantum model that explains
the Guppy Effect in terms of interference. Using a well-studied data set with
16 exemplars that exhibit the Guppy Effect, we developed a 17-dimensional
complex Hilbert space H that models the data and demonstrates the relationship
between overextension and interference. We view the interference effect as, not
a logical fallacy on the conjunction, but a signal that out of the two
constituent concepts, a new concept has emerged.Comment: 10 page
Interpreting Quantum Particles as Conceptual Entities
We elaborate an interpretation of quantum physics founded on the hypothesis
that quantum particles are conceptual entities playing the role of
communication vehicles between material entities composed of ordinary matter
which function as memory structures for these quantum particles. We show in
which way this new interpretation gives rise to a natural explanation for the
quantum effects of interference and entanglement by analyzing how interference
and entanglement emerge for the case of human concepts. We put forward a scheme
to derive a metric based on similarity as a predecessor for the structure of
'space, time, momentum, energy' and 'quantum particles interacting with
ordinary matter' underlying standard quantum physics, within the new
interpretation, and making use of aspects of traditional quantum axiomatics.
More specifically, we analyze how the effect of non-locality arises as a
consequence of the confrontation of such an emerging metric type of structure
and the remaining presence of the basic conceptual structure on the fundamental
level, with the potential of being revealed in specific situations.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur
The interior angular momentum of core hydrogen burning stars from gravity-mode oscillations
A major uncertainty in the theory of stellar evolution is the angular
momentum distribution inside stars and its change during stellar life. We
compose a sample of 67 stars in the core-hydrogen burning phase with a
value from high-resolution spectroscopy, as well as an asteroseismic
estimate of the near-core rotation rate derived from gravity-mode oscillations
detected in space photometry. This assembly includes 8 B-type stars and 59
AF-type stars, covering a mass range from 1.4 to 5\,M, i.e., it
concerns intermediate-mass stars born with a well-developed convective core.
The sample covers projected surface rotation velocities km\,s and core rotation rates up to Hz, which
corresponds to 50\% of the critical rotation frequency. We find deviations from
rigid rotation to be moderate in the single stars of this sample. We place the
near-core rotation rates in an evolutionary context and find that the core
rotation must drop drastically before or during the short phase between the end
of the core-hydrogen burning and the onset of core-helium burning. We compute
the spin parameter, which is the ratio of twice the rotation rate to the mode
frequency (also known as the inverse Rossby number), for 1682 gravity modes and
find the majority (95\%) to occur in the sub-inertial regime. The ten stars
with Rossby modes have spin parameters between 14 and 30, while the
gravito-inertial modes cover the range from 1 to 15.Comment: Manuscript of 5 pages, including 2 figures, accepted for publication
in The Astrophysical Journal Letter
The interior rotation of a sample of gamma Doradus stars from ensemble modelling of their gravity mode period spacings
CONTEXT. Gamma Doradus stars (hereafter gamma Dor stars) are known to exhibit
gravity- and/or gravito-intertial modes that probe the inner stellar region
near the convective core boundary. The non-equidistant spacing of the pulsation
periods is an observational signature of the stars' evolution and current
internal structure and is heavily influenced by rotation.
AIMS. We aim to constrain the near-core rotation rates for a sample of gamma
Dor stars, for which we have detected period spacing patterns.
METHODS. We combined the asymptotic period spacing with the traditional
approximation of stellar pulsation to fit the observed period spacing patterns
using chi-squared optimisation. The method was applied to the observed period
spacing patterns of a sample of stars and used for ensemble modelling.
RESULTS. For the majority of stars with an observed period spacing pattern we
successfully determined the rotation rates and the asymptotic period spacing
values, though the uncertainty margins on the latter were typically large. This
also resulted directly in the identification of the modes corresponding with
the detected pulsation frequencies, which for most stars were prograde dipole
gravity and gravito-inertial modes. The majority of the observed retrograde
modes were found to be Rossby modes. We further discuss the limitations of the
method due to the neglect of the centrifugal force and the incomplete treatment
of the Coriolis force.
CONCLUSION. Despite its current limitations, the proposed methodology was
successful to derive the rotation rates and to identify the modes from the
observed period spacing patterns. It forms the first step towards detailed
seismic modelling based on observed period spacing patterns of moderately to
rapidly rotating gamma Dor stars.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy
& Astrophysic
Quantum Particles as Conceptual Entities: A Possible Explanatory Framework for Quantum Theory
We put forward a possible new interpretation and explanatory framework for
quantum theory. The basic hypothesis underlying this new framework is that
quantum particles are conceptual entities. More concretely, we propose that
quantum particles interact with ordinary matter, nuclei, atoms, molecules,
macroscopic material entities, measuring apparatuses, ..., in a similar way to
how human concepts interact with memory structures, human minds or artificial
memories. We analyze the most characteristic aspects of quantum theory, i.e.
entanglement and non-locality, interference and superposition, identity and
individuality in the light of this new interpretation, and we put forward a
specific explanation and understanding of these aspects. The basic hypothesis
of our framework gives rise in a natural way to a Heisenberg uncertainty
principle which introduces an understanding of the general situation of 'the
one and the many' in quantum physics. A specific view on macro and micro
different from the common one follows from the basic hypothesis and leads to an
analysis of Schrodinger's Cat paradox and the measurement problem different
from the existing ones. We reflect about the influence of this new quantum
interpretation and explanatory framework on the global nature and evolutionary
aspects of the world and human worldviews, and point out potential explanations
for specific situations, such as the generation problem in particle physics,
the confinement of quarks and the existence of dark matter.Comment: 45 pages, 10 figure
Cartoon Computation: Quantum-like computing without quantum mechanics
We present a computational framework based on geometric structures. No
quantum mechanics is involved, and yet the algorithms perform tasks analogous
to quantum computation. Tensor products and entangled states are not needed --
they are replaced by sets of basic shapes. To test the formalism we solve in
geometric terms the Deutsch-Jozsa problem, historically the first example that
demonstrated the potential power of quantum computation. Each step of the
algorithm has a clear geometric interpetation and allows for a cartoon
representation.Comment: version accepted in J. Phys.A (Letter to the Editor
Quantum Aspects of Semantic Analysis and Symbolic Artificial Intelligence
Modern approaches to semanic analysis if reformulated as Hilbert-space
problems reveal formal structures known from quantum mechanics. Similar
situation is found in distributed representations of cognitive structures
developed for the purposes of neural networks. We take a closer look at
similarites and differences between the above two fields and quantum
information theory.Comment: version accepted in J. Phys. A (Letter to the Editor
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