Ventilatory Abnormalities In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Undergoing The Submaximal Treadmill Exercise Test

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Background: Exercise has been studied as a prognostic marker for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as a tool for improving their quality of life and analyzing lung disease. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare variables of lung functioning. Our data included: (i) volumetric capnography (VCAP) parameters: expiratory minute volume (VE), volume of exhaled carbon dioxide (VCO2), VE/VCO2, ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO(2)); (ii) spirometry parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), percent forced expiratory volume in the first second of the FVC (FEV1%), and FEV1/FVC%; and (iii) cardiorespiratory parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and Borg scale rating at rest and during exercise. The subjects comprised children, adolescents, and young adults aged 6-25 years with CF (CF group [CFG]) and without CF (control group [CG]). Methods: This was a clinical, prospective, controlled study involving 128 male and female patients (64 with CF) of a university hospital. All patients underwent treadmill exercise tests and provided informed consent after study approval by the institutional ethics committee. Linear regression, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test were performed to compare the CFG and CG. The a value was set at 0.05. Results: Patients in the CFG showed significantly different VCAP values and spirometry variables throughout the exercise test. Before, during, and after exercise, several variables were different between the two groups; statistically significant differences were seen in the spirometry parameters, SpO(2), HR, VCO2, VE/VCO2, PetCO2, and Borg scale rating. VCAP variables changed at each time point analyzed during the exercise test in both groups. Conclusion: VCAP can be used to analyze ventilatory parameters during exercise. All cardiorespiratory, spirometry, and VCAP variables differed between patients in the CFG and CG before, during, and after exercise.15Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2011/12939-4

Epidemiological aspects of and risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life

Objective: To determine, in a sample of infants, the prevalence of and risk factors for occasional wheezing (OW) and recurrent wheezing wheezy baby syndrome (WBS). Methods: Parents of infants (12-15 months of age) completed the International Study of Wheezing in Infants questionnaire. Results: We included 1,269 infants residing in the city of Blumenau, Brazil. of those, 715 (56.34%) had a history of wheezing, which was more common among boys. the prevalences of OW and WBS were 27.03% (n = 343) and 29.31% (n = 372), respectively. On average, the first wheezing episode occurred at 5.55 +/- 2.87 months of age. Among the 715 infants with a history of wheezing, the first episode occurred within the first six months of life in 479 (66.99%), and 372 (52.03%) had had three or more episodes. Factors associated with wheezing in general were pneumonia; oral corticosteroid use; a cold; attending daycare; having a parent with asthma or allergies; mother working outside the home; male gender; no breastfeeding; and mold. Factors associated with WBS were a cold; physician-diagnosed asthma; ER visits; corticosteroid use; pneumonia; bronchitis; dyspnea; attending daycare; bronchodilator use; having a parent with asthma; no breastfeeding; mother working outside the home; and a dog in the household. Conclusions: the prevalence of wheezing in the studied population was high (56.34%). the etiology was multifactorial, and the risk factors were intrinsic and extrinsic (respiratory tract infections, allergies, attending daycare, and early wheezing). the high prevalence and the intrinsic risk factors indicate the need and the opportunity for epidemiological and genetic studies in this population. in addition, mothers should be encouraged to prolong breastfeeding and to keep infants under six months of age out of daycare.Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Dept Pediat, Campinas, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Quality Of Sweat Test (st) Based On The Proportion Of Sweat Sodium (na) And Sweat Chloride (cl) As Diagnostic Parameter Of Cystic Fibrosis: Are We On The Right Way?

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Quality Of Sweat Test (st) Based On The Proportion Of Sweat Sodium (na) And Sweat Chloride (cl) As Diagnostic Parameter Of Cystic Fibrosis: Are We On The Right Way?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)To assess the quality of sweat test (ST) based on the proportion of sweat sodium and sweat chloride as diagnostic parameter of cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A retrospective study of 5,721 sweat samples and subsequent descriptive analysis were carried out. The test was considered "of good quality" (correct) when: (i) sweat chloride was lower than 60 mEq/L, and sweat sodium was higher than sweat chloride; (ii) sweat chloride was higher than 60 mEq/L, and sweat sodium was lower than sweat chloride. Results: The study included 5,692/5,721 sweat samples of ST which had been requested due to clinical presentations compatible with CF and/or neonatal screenings with altered immunoreactive trypsinogen values. Considering the proportion of sweat sodium and sweat chloride as ST quality parameter, the test was performed correctly in 5,023/5,692 (88.2 %) sweat samples. The sweat chloride test results were grouped into four reference ranges for chloride (i) chloride >= 30 mEq/L: 3,651/5,692 (64.1 %); (ii) chloride = 40 mEq/L to = 60 mEq/L: 716/5,692 (12.6 %). In the comparative analysis, there was no association between ST quality and: (i) symptoms to indicate a ST [respiratory (p = 0.084), digestive (p = 0.753), nutritional (p = 0.824), and others (p = 0.136)], (ii) sweat weight (p = 0.416). However, there was a positive association with: (i) gender, (ii) results of ST (p < 0.001), (iii) chloride/sodium ratio (p < 0.001), (iv) subject's age at the time of ST [grouped according to category (p < 0.001) and numerical order (p < 0.001)]. For the subset of 169 patients with CF and two CFTR mutations Class I, II and/or III, in comparative analysis, there was a positive association with: (i) sweat chloride/sodium ratio (p < 0.001), (ii) sweat chloride values (p = 0.047), (iii) subject's age at the time of the ST grouped by numerical order (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Considering that the quality of ST can be assessed by levels of sweat sodium and sweat chloride, an increasing number of low-quality tests could be observed in our sweat samples. The quality of the test was associated with important factors, such as gender, CF diagnosis, and subjects' age.11103FALM: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2011/12939-4, 2015/12858-5]Fundo de Apoio a Pesquisa ao Ensino e a Extensao da Universidade Estadual de Campinas [0648/2015]JDR: FAPESP [2011/18845-1]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Effects of swimming on spirometric parameters and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children and adolescents with moderate persistent atopic asthma

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the medium-term benefits of a swimming program in schoolchildren and adolescents with moderate persistent atopic asthma (MPAA). METHODS: A randomized, prospective study of children and adolescents (age 7-18 years) with MPAA was carried out at the Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil. After a 1-month run-in period, 61 patients (34 female) were randomized into two groups, a swimming group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 31), and followed for 3 months. Both patient groups received inhaled fluticasone (dry powder, 250 mcg twice a day) and salbutamol as needed. The swim training program consisted of two weekly classes over a 3-month period for a total of 24 sessions. Both groups underwent spirometric assessment and methacholine challenge test - provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) - before and after the study period. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured only in the swimming group. RESULTS: Significant increases in PC20 (pre-training, 0.31±0.25; post-training, 0.63±0.78; p = 0.008), MIP (pre-training, 67.08±17.13 cm H2O; post-training 79.46±18.66; p < 0.001), and MEP (pre-training, 71.69±20.01 cm H2O; post-training, 78.92±21.45 cm H2O; p < 0.001) were found in the swimming group. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with MPAA subjected to a swim training program experienced a significant decrease in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as determined by increased PC20 values, when compared with asthmatic controls who did not undergo swim training. Participants in the swimming group also showed improvement in elastic recoil of the chest wall.OBJETIVO: Investigar os benefícios a médio prazo de um programa de natação em escolares e adolescentes com asma atópica persistente moderada (AAPM). MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo randomizado e prospectivo com crianças e adolescentes (7-18 anos de idade) com AAPM no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (SP). Após um período de run in de um mês, 61 pacientes (34 femininos) foram randomizados em dois grupos: grupo natação (GN) (n = 30) e grupo controle (GC) (n = 31) e foram acompanhados durante 3 meses. Os dois grupos receberam fluticasona (pó) inalada (250 mcg, 2 vezes ao dia) diariamente e salbutamol inalado, quando necessário. O programa de natação consistiu em um total de 24 aulas, duas vezes por semana, por 3 meses. O GN e o GC realizaram espirometria, teste de broncoprovocação com metacolina (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1, PC20 de metacolina), antes e após os 3 meses de estudo. Pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax) foram realizadas somente no GN. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o GN apresentou aumento significativo da PC20 de metacolina (inicial 0,31±0,25 e final 0,63±0,78; p = 0,008), pressão inspiratória máxima (inicial 67,08±17,13 cm H2O e final 79,46±18,66; p < 0,001), pressão expiratória máxima (inicial 71,69±20,01 cm H2O e final 78,92±21,45 cm H2O; p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Crianças e adolescentes com AAPM que se submeteram a um programa de natação apresentaram diminuição estatisticamente significativa da hiper-responsividade brônquica, com aumento dos valores da PC20 de metacolina, quando comparados aos com AAPM que não realizaram natação. O GN também apresentou melhora no componente da força elástica do tórax.38439

Evaluation Of Quality Of Life According To Asthma Control And Asthma Severity In Children And Adolescents

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Pathophysiology of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children and adolescents with asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundThe pathophysiological mechanisms by which asthma and bronchiectasis are associated are still unclear. The association of these two diseases can result in more severe symptoms and a greater number of exacerbations.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review is to collect evidence of the pathophysiology of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis with associated asthma in children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years old.MethodsA systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using eight main databases, PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS/BIREME, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scielo and Web of Science. Articles will be searched from the earliest available time to July 2023. The studied population will be composed of children and adolescents with asthma and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. From the data obtained, all articles found will be transferred to the Rayyan platform. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols Checklist (PRISMA P-2015). In addition, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Two independent reviewers will conduct the studies selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The outcome measures will be to analyze if non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is related to a specific inflammatory profile.DiscussionA systematic review will provide better knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and causes of the association between asthma and bronchiectasis and its role in the severity and control of asthma. Identifying, selecting and critically evaluating studies on asthma and bronchiectasis, would be possible to illuminate the characteristics of children and adolescents with associated diagnoses and provide information to help individualized treatments in order to control and prevent complications. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Systematic review registrationThe systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in July 2023 (registration number CRD42023440355)