Pengaruh Waktu Tinggal Hidrolik terhadap Alkalinitas, Asam Volatil dan PH dalam Pengolahan Sludge Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Pulp dan Kertas Menggunakan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerobik

Pulp and paper industries growth significantly especially in Indonesia that in their operations generate potential waste to contaminate the environment. Type of waste that generated by pulp and paper industries mostly liquid that could be processed in wastewater treatment installation (WWTI). WWTI still generate amount volume of sludge waste, so it need to be in special handling. One of the alternative that can be reduce volume of sludge waste is anaerobic hybrid bioreactor. This technology use suspended and settle microorganism that integrated in bioreactor system. This research aim to determine the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) toward alkalinity, volatile acid and pH in processing of sludge waste from pulp and paper wastewater treatment installation using anaerobic hybrid bioreactor. This research start from seeding time that 100 ml/day sludge waste added to 1 Litre of cows's feces extract for 10 days. Next stage is acclimatisation with throw and put methode and continued with start up where sludge waste flewed in to bioreactor with 5 days HRT. Last stage is variate HRT for 4 days; 3 days and 2 days. Result of this experiment show that average optimum pH operations is 6,6. Alkalinity 2010 mg/L otherwise volatile acid concentration is 43 mg/L. Bioreactor have high stability with value 0,026 in optimum 4 days HRT

Social-ecological System of Seagrass and Small-scale Fisheries Connectivity in Malang Rapat and Berakit Villages, Bintan District, Riau Islands

Seagrass ecosystem has important roles in ecological and social factors to support fisherman income. The purpose of this research was to map the social-ecological system connectivity of seagrass with small-scale fisheries with networks perspective, to identify social-ecological connectivity of seagrass with fisheries resource availability approaches in small-scale fisheries, and to estimate the benefits of fish resources relation to seagrass ecosystem in Malang Rapat and Berakit vilages. Social-ecological system connectivity of seagrass was proven by the spatial distribution of fishing areas, networks map markets, and dynamics of small-scale fisheries catches in the study site. Social-ecocoligal connectivity of seagrass was also proven by fish catches dominated by Siganidae, Scaridae, Lethrinidae, and Lutjanidae families. The fishermen income was supported by seagrass ecosystem connectivity which contributed revenue from fish catches totally Rp 202,124,00/day in Malang Rapat village and Rp. 193,151,00/day in Berakit village. Other benefit of seagrass ecosystem located nearby the beach was that the fishermen can have an easy access or less fuel for fishing operation

Management Of Lobster Fishery With Eafm Approach In Palabuhanratu Bay

This research was conducted in the Palabuhanratu Bay-Sukabumi in March 2016. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the Palabuhanratu Lobster Fishery using factors of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM). Water sampling was conducted at two lobster fishing ground. Measuring and weighing morphology lobster were conducted in collectors\u27s house. The results of this study showed that Palabuhanratu bay water quality was still within tolerable limits for live lobster. Panulirus homarus is the most widely lobster caught below the size of a decent catch, reaching 2528.9 Kg. CPUE of lobster was declining which indicates a decline in the stock of lobster. The income of fishermen were still very far from the average wage and stakeholder participation was still lacking in the management of the lobster fishery

Sistem Pengolahan Data Produksi dan Penjualan Es Balok pada Upt Ppi Kota Dumai

Pengolahan data yang berbasis komputer telah berkembang sehingga banyak organisasi, sekolah, dan instansi memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dalam menunjang efektifitas dan efisiensi kerja. Unit pelaksana teknis pangkalan pendaratan ikan (UPT PPI) Salah satu instansi pemerintahan yang memproduksi dan menjual es balok di Kota Dumai. Dimana sistem yang ada saat ini pada proses pengolahan data produksi dan transaksi penjualan es balok masih kurang efisien karena menggunakan Microsoft Excel yang dapat memperlambat pekerjaan pegawai, Dan pada pembuatan laporan seperti laporan transaksi penjualan perhari, perbulan, atau pertahun juga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama karena harus menghitung satu per satu data yang ada dan sering terjadi keterlambatan dalam pemberian laporan kepada pimpinan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya sebuah sistem pengolahan data produksi dan transaksi penjualan es balok menggunakan Pemrograman PHP agar mempermudah pegawai dalam mengolah data serta dapat meminimalisirkan duplikasi data yang terjadi dan waktu yang digunakan dalam pencarian data lebih efisien

Pooled sequencing of 531 genes in inflammatory bowel disease identifies an associated rare variant in BTNL2 and implicates other immune related genes.

The contribution of rare coding sequence variants to genetic susceptibility in complex disorders is an important but unresolved question. Most studies thus far have investigated a limited number of genes from regions which contain common disease associated variants. Here we investigate this in inflammatory bowel disease by sequencing the exons and proximal promoters of 531 genes selected from both genome-wide association studies and pathway analysis in pooled DNA panels from 474 cases of Crohn's disease and 480 controls. 80 variants with evidence of association in the sequencing experiment or with potential functional significance were selected for follow up genotyping in 6,507 IBD cases and 3,064 population controls. The top 5 disease associated variants were genotyped in an extension panel of 3,662 IBD cases and 3,639 controls, and tested for association in a combined analysis of 10,147 IBD cases and 7,008 controls. A rare coding variant p.G454C in the BTNL2 gene within the major histocompatibility complex was significantly associated with increased risk for IBD (p = 9.65x10-10, OR = 2.3[95% CI = 1.75-3.04]), but was independent of the known common associated CD and UC variants at this locus. Rare (T) or decreased risk (IL12B p.V298F, and NICN p.H191R) of IBD. These results provide additional insights into the involvement of the inhibition of T cell activation in the development of both sub-phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease. We suggest that although rare coding variants may make a modest overall contribution to complex disease susceptibility, they can inform our understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to pathogenesis

Economic Value of Mangrove Forest in Pannikiang Island, Barru District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract Mangrove forest area is a very important area in Pannikiang. Mangrove forests in this area are used by the community as a livelihood. This study wants to learn about the economic valuation of mangrove forests on Pannikiang Island, Makassar. A total of 60 respondents were interviewed in depth. Benefit value, calculated using the value of Direct Use, Indirect Use Value, Option Value, Existence Value, and Total Economic Value. The total economic value of mangrove forests on the Pannikiang Island Rp. 16,155,904,158/year or Rp. 183,007,523,300/ha/year. The patterns and manner of utilization, resource mangrove ecosystem is using gear nets, traps, hooks iron in catching shrimp and crab, develop nursery mangrove system with scraped or directly from the fruit, using gear nets, traps, using an iron hook and set traps crab (rakkang) in catch crabs, catch the bat, found in the mangrove forest, using the net, made bridge length, and the middle of the mangrove forest tower area so that the end could be resting and go up to the tower to see the entire expanse of the forest mangrove Pannikiang Island, wanamina cultivation, which combines farming of fish/shrimp with mangroves

Genetic association analyses implicate aberrant regulation of innate and adaptive immunity genes in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance to nuclear and cell surface antigens. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) had modest sample sizes, reducing their scope and reliability. Our study comprised 7,219 cases and 15,991 controls of European ancestry, constituting a new GWAS, a meta-analysis with a published GWAS and a replication study. We have mapped 43 susceptibility loci, including ten new associations. Assisted by dense genome coverage, imputation provided evidence for missense variants underpinning associations in eight genes. Other likely causal genes were established by examining associated alleles for cis-acting eQTL effects in a range of ex vivo immune cells. We found an over-representation (n = 16) of transcription factors among SLE susceptibility genes. This finding supports the view that aberrantly regulated gene expression networks in multiple cell types in both the innate and adaptive immune response contribute to the risk of developing SLE