Potential of Bacterial Isolates from a Stream in Manaus-Amazon to Bioremediate Chromium-Contaminated Environments

Igarapé do Quarenta (IgQ), a stream located in the Manaus-AM, BR, has directly experienced the impacts of urban expansion over the last five decades, which contributed for its contamination. As an affluent of Rio Negro, IgQ also affects the water quality of this important river that bathes Manaus. However, the stress caused by the prolonged exposition to chemical agents may have selected microorganisms that exhibit great bioremediation potential. In the present study, bacteria isolated from four distinct sites of the IgQ were identified, and their potential to degrade hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was investigated using the s-diphenylcarbazide method. Among the investigated isolates, 14 exhibited resistance against Cr(VI) at a concentration of 300 mg/L and eight isolates reduced over 50% (53.5–97.4%) chromium ratios after 72 h of incubation. Those isolates were identified by gene sequencing and classified in 10 genera (Acidovorax sp., Acinetobacter sp., Alicycliphilus sp., Bacillus sp., Comamonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Proteus sp., Serratia sp., and Vagococcus sp.). Under control conditions, the isolate of Vagococcus sp. genus, in only 24 h of incubation, reduced 96.8% of the rate of Cr(VI) added to the culture medium at the concentration of 10 mg/L. Obtained results indicate that the Vagococcus sp. exhibits a great potential to be used in the bioremediation of areas contaminated with chromium. The mechanisms of action of microorganisms should be investigated for more specific applications in the decontamination of effluents and direct use of its by-products to bioremediate polluted environments. © 2018, The Author(s)

Potential biosurfactant producing endophytic and epiphytic fungi, isolated from macrophytes in the Negro River in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Endophytic and epiphytic fungi isolated from Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Cyperus ligularis L., macrophytes collected from oil-contaminated waters, were studied to assess their potential for producing biosurfactants; the most promising ones were identified by means of the rDNA region sequencing. In the selection, in the hydrocarbonate biodegradation activity, 2.6-indophenol (DCPIP) in oil-added Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium was the indicator used. The following tests were performed to ascertain the biosurfactant, bioemulsifier activity: emulsification measurement, drop-collapse, surface tension and production slope. Of the twenty fungi isolated, six promoted DCPIP discoloration. The isolate (S31) Phoma sp. showed emulsification of diesel (1.5 cm or 52%) and reduction of the surface tension of 51.03 mN/m water identified as Phoma sp. The other five fungi were identified as Rhizopus oryzae (S24), Fusarium sp. (S32, S33, S42, S46), presenting potential for biodegradation of hydrocarbons, as well. New studies on Phoma sp. (S31), including its cultivation in different carbon sources will be necessary to improve the production of secondary compounds involved in surface tension bioemulsification and reduction.Keywords: Bioremediation, bioemulsifiers, Eichhornia, Cyperus, oil, diese

SABERES POPULARES ACERCA DE VESPAS SOCIAIS (VESPIDAE) E ABELHAS (APIDAE) NA MATA ATLÂNTICA DO NOROESTE DO PARANÁ, SUL DO

Os artrópodes compõem a maior parte do reino animal, possuindo mais de um milhão de espécies descritas, incluindo os marimbondos e as abelhas, que compõem a ordem Hymenoptera. Embora esses insetos executem importantes funções ecológicas e forneçam produtos de valor econômico, muitas pessoas desconhecem sua importância, sendo prática recorrente a destruição de suas colônias ou a morte desses indivíduos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o conhecimento popular dos moradores do entorno do Parque Nacional de Ilhas Grande (PNIG) sobre a fauna de himenópteros (vespas sociais e abelhas). Para isso, foi aplicado, em outubro de 2019, um questionário semiestruturado em 50 residências no distrito de Porto Camargo, Icaraíma-PR. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os entrevistados conhecem diversas espécies de marimbondos e abelhas, mas que sabem pouco ou quase nada sobre a sua importância ecológica, o que contribui para a não conservação desses insetos e da área em que vivem

Tolerância a hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) por fungos filamentosos isolados de sedimentos contaminados da região Amazônica

Tolerance to Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Aromatic (PAHs) is considered an important characteristic when assessing the bioremediation potential of microorganisms. Given this, the objective of this research was to assay filamentous fungi from the Amazon region, isolated from sediments with differents levels of contamination by PAHs, for tolerance to phenanthrene and pyrene. To achieve this, fungal cultures plugs (5 mm), obtained after 7 days growth, were transferred to petri dishes containing 20% Sabouraud dextrose agar medium, after surface innoculation with phenanthrene and pyrene crystals, separately. Radial mycelial growth was evaluated after 10 days at five different concentration levels for each contaminant and control group, all in triplicate for each treatment. Fungal growth and growth inhibition rates were calculated. The average growth of the colonies in each treatment was compared with one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey Test (p < 0,05). All fungi showed tolerant to phenanthrene and pyrene. However, Hypoxylon sp. showed the lowest growth inhibition rate and average growth rates significantly different of the other six tested species. Hypoxylon sp. has been shown to be a promising genetic resource for use in new studies of PAHs degradation. © 2017, Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved

AS CONDUTAS DO PROFISSIONAL DE SAÚDE FRENTE A PARADA CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA

Objective: To discuss, through the existing literature, the conduct of health professionals in the face of cardiopulmonary arrest. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for works involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Hospital care", "Cardiorespiratory arrest" and "Emergency". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2013 and 2023, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: It is worth noting that the health professional who is in charge of identifying CPR should perform CPR maneuvers as soon as they identify that the victim has no pulse. Conclusion: This study concluded that CPR used to be one of the main causes of death in the world, but now that there are protocols and care strategies, it is no longer as frequent a cause of death as it once was.Objetivo: Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca das condutas do profissional de saúde frente a parada cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência hospitalar”, “Parada cardiorrespiratória” e “Urgência”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2013 e 2023, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Destaca-se que o profissional de saúde que estiver a frente da identificação da PCR deve realizar as manobras de RCP a partir do momento que ele identificar que a vítima não possua pulso. Conclusão: O presente estudo concluiu que a PCR antigamente era uma das principais causas de morte no mundo, visto que atualmente existem protocolos e estratégias de cuidado ela não é mais uma causa frequente de morte como antes

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Validation of a molecular method for identification of fungi and in vitro investigation of the dimorphic transition in Candida albicans

A classificação de fungos microscópicos é limitada pela escassez de detalhes morfológicos e incertezas na caracterização bioquímica. Nesse trabalho desenvolvemos um método simples, baseado na amplificação de um segmento de cerca de 2.800 bares de bases seguida de digestão com DdeI e análise do padrão após eletroforese em agarose. Demonstramos que o método discrimina tão bem quanto a sequência de DNA do segmento após analisar mais de 400 amostras que foram classificadas em 33 espécies. Essa tecnologia facilita a busca por novos representantes da imensa diversidade existente, espécies que podem ser exploradas quanto ao seu valor potencial para a medicina e a indústria. Outras metodologias moleculares foram desenvolvidas para discriminar entre espécies próximas e na identificação de novas espécies. Em seguida, o trabalho esteve voltado para o desenvolvimento de um ensaio laboratorial que nos permitisse estudar a transição dimórfica em Candida albicans. Desenvolvemos dois novos ensaios, um biológico e outro sobre membrana artificial, para estudar a indução ou inibição da produção de hifas. A expressão de genes associados ao processo foi acompanhada de maneira quantitativa. Fracionando cromatograficamente o soro fetal bovino, obtivemos resultados indicativos de frações estimuladoras e inibidoras da transição morfológica.Fungal identification is limited by few morphological details and uncertainty in the biochemical tests. In the present work we developed a simple procedure, based upon DNA amplification of a 2,800 base pairs region followed by the amplicon digestion with DdeI and electrophoretic analyzes in agarose gels. After analyzing more than 400 samples encompassing 33 species, we demonstrate that this method discriminates as well as DNA sequencing of the region. This technology simplifies the search for new representatives among the great diversity of fungi of medical and industrial interest. We devised also molecular methods to discriminate between closely related species and described a new putative species. Next our work was dedicated to develop an in vitro assay for the study of the dimorphic transition in Candida albicans. We devised two biological assays and one that used an artificial membrane to investigate the induction and inhibition of hyphal production. The expression of genes associated with the morphological transition was examined in a quantitative way. We fractionated bovine fetal serum by column chromatography and obtained results pointing to fractions that stimulate or inhibit hyphal production