The Choice of Unsound Policy Making in African Nations

Africa is a continent which consists of most developing nations in the world. The continent seems to have mixtures or varieties of decentralization practices of administration based on some factors such as social, religious, economical, cultural, political influence amongst others factors. They find it difficult managing her resources (man, material, money and machinery) effectively and efficiently. Policy is an attempt by government to address issues by instituting laws, regulations, decisions, or actions that are pertinent to a particular problem. Therefore, issues arising in different sectors must be addressed and resolved by its policy. The more effective and efficiency of sound policy signifies that the policy is analytically based, economically sound, politically acceptable, socially credible, environmentally suitable and sustainable, for the betterment of the citizenry. It is quite obvious that policy formulation involves huge involvement of political office holders, law enforcement agencies and other public and private stakeholders, therefore any defect from these people will directly and indirectly results into defected policies. Every citizen in a nation deserves a good quality of life; and this is achievable through efficiency of all sectors which can be realized through sound policies and good governance. Keywords: Policy, policy formulation, sound policy

Facilitating Efficient Counterterrorism Approaches Through Transportation and Logistics in Nigeria

Due to the loss of human lives (military and civilian) as a result of insurgency in the Northern Nigeria and other criminal activities across the federation, it is needed to efficiently facilitate counterterrorism approaches which will render the terrorists impotent. Terrorism is the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear for bringing about political change. All terrorist acts involve violence or threat of violence. These violent acts include murder, kidnapping, bombing, and arson. They are committed by non-governmental groups or individual who are neither parts of nor officially serving in the military forces, law enforcement agencies, intelligence services, or other governmental agencies of an established nation. Terrorism has occurred throughout history for a variety of reasons. Its causes can be historical, cultural, political, social, psychological, economic, or religious or any combination of these. Despite the high intensity of terrorist attacks, there is need for not only effective but efficient facilitation of counterterrorism approaches by Nigerian military. Counterterrorism is the policies and methods used to deter and defeat terrorism. In other to facilitate counterterrorism approaches, manage Nigerian borders and state borders, and control migrants, there is need to understand what, how, and exactly does supply affects terrorism. Determination of spatial interaction of terrorist, careful analyzing transport demand/supply relationship, also the researcher recommends the construction of Vehicle Screening Point (VSP). Keywords: Terrorism, counterterrorism, transportation, logistics, and Vehicle Screening Point (VSP)

Impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Transportation in the Developing Nations

Despite the level of industrial shifts, the roles of transportation cannot be substituted, transportation is an important factor in the transformation of any nation’s economy, as a result of this; effort has been made in order to ensure effective and efficient transportation. The essence of transport revolves around the following which cannot be farfetched or beyond: economic purposes, spatial interaction and social integration.Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. Industrial revolution is a rapid change in the economy that is marked by the general introduction of powered-driven machinery or by an important change in the prevailing types and methods in the use of such machines. It can also be seen as a sudden fundamental change in the industrial organization: the overthrow or renunciation of the first, second, and third industrial change is substituted by fourth industrial change or shift.The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the sustainability of innovation, automation and sophisticated processes which are at the root of industrial success strategies. Although, there are possibilities of threats in the fourth industrial revolution, but the impacts of threats can be reduced. The era will likely prove to be a source of huge opportunities for developed countries; developing countries will also benefit much from technology transfer. For the take of developing countries, the fourth industrial revolution will improve their standards on building efficient and reliable transport modes as well as investing more on technology transfer which will aid the local manufacturing sector and agriculture. Keywords: Transportation, Industrial revolution and Fourth industrial revolution

Adequacy of Off-Parking Facilities in Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Vehicular traffic and availability of parking space becomes more paramount when critically viewed from the level of huge investment that has been pumped to the road and infrastructural development by successive governing council of FUTA.Car parking can be defined as a situation when a vehicle is temporarily/permanently put out of use and kept in a designated place without impairing the movement of other vehicles.There is an increased shift in the number of vehicles or automobile privately and commercially owned. The consequence of this trend has led to congestion on road and excessive use of the existing car parks. FUTA community is a good example for this study. The buildings covered in the study are Entrepreneurship Building, CERAD Annex office, School of Agriculture Building, School of Engineering Building, Senate Building, Old Student Affairs, School of Postgraduate, School of Management Technology, School of Earth and Mineral Science and School of Science.From the findings, majority of the car parks are not adequate. Also, there is a statistical significant relationship between the demographic characteristics of car owners and private car ownership. As at the time of survey, it was revealed that the %, parking index for School of Management Technology is 100%; this shows that all the parking bays were occupied as at the time of survey.The recommendation in this paper for the institution revolves around three categories, which are, education, engineering and enforcement. Keywords: Car parking, Off-Street Parking, Parking accumulation, Parking index, FUTA

Nigerian Economic Recession: Emphasis on Sound Transport Policy

Apart from the global economic and financial crisis which has become a major concern for political leaders, economists and managers of financial institutions across the globe, there are also factors attributable to economic recession in Nigeria; among is lack of good transport infrastructures which is as a result of unsound or defected policies, and bad governance that resulted into deep seated corruption. This present economic crisis resulted into lack of confidence by citizens in the present administration because of the severe level of affliction on Nigerian governance and leadership style. Economic recession can be referred to as economic crisis or financial crisis; it is a period of economic slowdown. During the colonial era, the development of transport system led to the exploration of agricultural produce and natural resources for onward shipment into the domain of colonial master. As a result of these, other significant infrastructures were developed; facilitation of effective colonial administration; and facilitation of effective security and national defense. This support the fact that transportation is an important factor in the modern society; it is capable of producing significant benefits, it helps shape an area’s economic health and quality of life. Not only does the transportation system provide for the mobility of people and goods, it also influences patterns of growth and economic activity through accessibility to land. The significance of formulating and implementing sound policies in the nation’s transport sector cannot be overemphasized. Keywords: Economic recession, transportation, and transport policy

The Rational Approach of Obafemi Awolowo’s Principles in Enhancing Efficient Leadership and Good Governance through Intellectual Enormity

This paper gaudily examines Chief Obafemi Awolowos’ philosophies, activities and his legacies. He was a nationalist and an African hero who has contributed to knowledge, made constitutions and developer of democracy in Nigeria and Africa at large. Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi AWOLOWO, GCFR was an aristocrat, statesman, Yoruba political leader, Nigerian and African nationalist.The paper further explores his rationales and approaches in enhancing a resourceful leadership and strengthening good governance in Nigeria through intellectual enormity among political office holders which result into an overall growth and development. He ensured that good governance encompasses the following; transparency, accountability, social justice, fairness, equity, selflessness, critical observation of the rule of law, purposeful leadership, effective institutions, and legitimacy of political economic and administrative authority, security and order.Finally, Awolowo believed that intellectual enormity of the people is most important because when a person is educated, his mind and body would be developed and transformed; hence such a person would approach issues correctly, rightly and timely. This paper recommends the sustainability and the adoption of this hero’s perspective, ensuring political and policy education for all Nigerian political leaders, and encouraging competition inform of public debate among contestants in various political parties across all governmental level. Keywords: Awolowo, intellectual enormity, leadership, good governance, development

Analytical Study of Political Party Systems in Nigeria

Party systems can be identified as patterns of interaction among political parties in electoral, parliamentary and governmental arenas of a given political context. It constitutes important elements of modern democratic system without which there cannot be electoral systems. Hence, it gives room for democracy which Nigeria can boast of in her developmental process.Moreover, many Nigerians support the fact that democracy has come to stay in Nigeria, although among the various types of party systems, the dominant party system in Nigeria is multiparty system. In this present administration of the so called slogan “change” in Nigeria, there is need to review the so called party system and switch to another type which seems to be the most advantageous one. This type of party system is referred to as Two-Party system.Finally, this paper gaudily examines an overview of party systems, the types of party systems, the comparison between multi-party and two-party systems in Nigeria and their impacts on governance, and recommendation of two-party system for Nigeria political system. It further recommends that activities of political parties must not reflect discordant party politics but their formation, choice of leadership, choice of candidates, organizational structure, funding and there must be reflect democratic of principles and the rule of law. This would enhance peaceful, structured political system and the choice of the people will be represented without any form of resentment. Keywords: Nigeria, party systems, democratization, development

Effects of Fuel Subsidy on Transport Costs and Transport Rates in Nigeria

Fuel is a major factor among many others influencing transport costs and transport rates in Nigeria. It plays significant role in the production of goods and services in all sectors of the economy, that is why countries find it necessary to subsidize and ensured citizens have access to fuel which is of national importance. Fuel in Nigeria is an inelastic product both at demand and supply sides, which means that it is very difficult for consumers to find alternatives to the use of it in their daily lives. Transport costs are monetary measure of what the transport provider must pay to produce transportation services. Transport rates are the prices or fares of transport services paid by their users to the transport service provider. There are several factors influencing transport costs and rates, meanwhile fuel subsidy also influences those factors influencing transport costs and transport rates. Among other indices of attaining a diversified economy is the diversification of transport modes and energy sources. For a developing country like Nigeria, fuel subsidy is considered as major tool to enhance citizens’ welfare most especially the middle and low income earners, meanwhile, the disbursement of fuel subsidy must be properly monitored to guide against corruption as shown in the past administrations. Strict policies can be set aside as punishment (such as death sentence, life imprisonment and other costly punishments) for any corrupt political office holder. Before considering subsidy removal, the recommendations in the research must have been fully achieved. Keywords: Fuel subsidy, Fuel subsidy removal, Transport costs, Transport rates and Production costs

Efficiency of Nigerian Transport System: Lessons Derived from the Developed Nations

Among other sectors in the modern society, the roles of transportation cannot be overemphasized. Transportation is mainly demanded to execute the objectives of every other sectors in the economy. An efficient transport system covering rail, waterways, air, and road, is a catalyst for economic growth and development. This paper is aimed at examining transportation sectors in the listed six developed countries (Japan, Germany, India, China, Egypt and South Africa) for the purpose of recommending the derived lessons for Nigeria. Rail transportation is the most dominant mode of transportation in the selected developed countries. Recommendations are made suggested to enhance efficiency of Nigerian transport system. Keywords: Assessment, Transport systems, rail transport, developed countries, and Nigeri

Analytical Study of the Causal Factors of Divorce in African Homes

The increasing rate of divorce in African homes is an intricate incident happening among African couples and in the world at large. Family is indeed the bedrock of any continent, and world. The rampant occurrence of divorce in African homes is found to have socio-economic and political effect in the society. Primary data were collected through questionnaires (face-to-face and online) countries across the continent and all were analyzed. The data comprises of sixty married homes, and forty divorcees, consisting of sixty married couples living together, twenty men divorcees and twenty women divorcees were selected at random and given copies of questionnaires. The results showed that respondents perceived barrenness or infertility as the major cause of divorce. It is also followed by other causes such as absence of love, ignorance, poverty, religion differences, unemployment, and others. Marriage counselors were encouraged to carry out more studies in this area in other to find a lasting solution to divorce, effect zero tolerance to divorce in the African homes, and device a means of uniting the divorcees so that Africa as a continent will be emulated and set as a standard for other continents to evaluate their marriage performance. Keywords: causes, divorce, Africa, home