Neovascular Glaucoma in a Nigerian African population

No Abstract.The East African Medical Journal Vol. 83 (10) 2006: pp. 559-56

Impact of Fluid Properties on Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) Performance and Run Life in a Well

The primary goal of every operator is to optimally recover reserves at minimal operating costs. Unfortunately, due to inherent primary drive mechanisms that may not be strong enough and poorly designed completion jewelries that increases the complexity of well configurations, most reservoir are not efficiently depleted. This study investigates the impact of fluid properties on electric submersible pumps (ESP) performance and run life in a well. It was observed that the pump speed increases with increase in API gravities and vice-versa. However, decrease in pump speed was observed with crudes having high API gravity from wells with high water-cut (HBSW). High water-cut increases the viscosity of the crude and thus decreases the pump speed. The pump speed also increased as the GOR increases, howbeit, decreased as the GOR exceeds a certain optimum value due to cavitation. The pump intake pressure and the production rate were also investigated. The higher the intake pressure, the higher the pump speed and thus, the higher the production. Well specific models for real-time ESP performance prediction were also developed for each property against the pump speed and they exhibited cubic relationships. It was also observed that the quality of the crude significantly affects the performance of ESP\u2019s and therefore, must be checked to prevent early failure and short run life

Impact of short-term Educational Interventions on Asthma Knowledge and metered-dose Inhaler Techniques among post basic nursing students in Ilorin, Nigeria- Result of a pilot study

Background: Nurses’ knowledge of asthma and inhaler device technique could positively or negatively affect the outcome of asthma treatment. There exists paucity of data on asthma knowledge and inhaler techniques in Nigeria.Objective: Our study aimed at evaluating the level of knowledge of asthma and inhaler techniques among post basic nursing students in Ilorin, Nigeria.Methods: This was a pre-post intervention design study carried out among 40 post basic nursing students from September to October 2011. A pretest was conducted which involved self- administration of asthma knowledge questionnaire and demonstration of inhaler device techniques using the pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI). The pre-test was followed immediately by educational interventions (lecture, physical and video demonstrations), and after one month by a post test.Results: Forty out of 44 nurses completed the study giving a response rate of 91%. The median years after basic nursing training was 4 (range 1-21 years). Majority (70.0%) have not had a recent training on how to use inhalers. The total mean percentage score of asthma knowledge increased significantly from 75.9 %( pre intervention) to 86.5% (post intervention). For the demonstration of pMDI, none (0%) of the respondents had percent demonstration score of 100% pre intervention and post intervention 25.0% had a demonstration score of 100%.Conclusion: The knowledge of asthma was satisfactory while the demonstration of inhaler techniques was very poor pre intervention, both of which significantly improved after educational intervention. Additional studies need to be performed in larger, mixed populations of healthcare professional to confirm these findings.Keywords: Asthma, inhaler techniques, nursing students, Nigeria

Unmet needs in asthma treatment in a resource-limited setting: Findings from the survey of adult asthma patients and their physicians in Nigeria

Introduction: The prevalence of asthma in our society is rising and there is need for better understanding of the asthma patients’ perception andtreatment practice of physicians. The study was aimed at determining asthma attitudes and treatment practices among adult physicians andpatients in Nigeria, with the goal of identifying barriers to optimal management.Methods: To assess asthma attitudes, treatment practices and limitations among adult physicians and patients in Nigeria, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 150 patients and 70 physicians.Results: Majority (66.7%) of the patients reported their asthma as  moderate to severe, 42.7% had emergency room visit and 32% had admission due to asthma in the previous 12 months. Physicians and patients perceptions significantly differed in the time devoted to  educational issues (31.4% vs.18.7%) and its contents: individual  management plan (64.3% vs.33.3%), correct inhaler technique (84.0% vs.71.0%), medication side effects (80.0% vs.60.0 %) and compliance 100% of time (5.7% vs. 18.7%). Patients reported that non-compliance with medication causes increased symptoms (67.0%), exacerbations (60.0%), bronchodilator use (56.0%), urgent physician visit (52.0%) and hospitalizations /ER visits (38.7%). Asthma medication in patients caused short term (10.7%) and long term side effects (20.0%). Due to side  effects, 28.0% skipped and stopped their medications. Most physicians (85.7%) and patients (56.0%) agreed on the need for new medication options. The need for new medication in patients was strongly related to asthma severity, limitation of activities, side effects, cost and lack of satisfaction with current medication. With the exception of pulmonologists, physicians did not readily prescribe ICS and their prescriptions were not in line with treatment guidelines.Conclusion: This study has highlighted the gaps and barriers to asthma treatment which need to be addressed to improve the quality of care in Nigeria

Refractive ocular conditions and reasons for spectacles renewal in a resource-limited economy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although a leading cause of visual impairment and a treatable cause of blindness globally, the pattern of refractive errors in many populations is unknown. This study determined the pattern of refractive ocular conditions, reasons for spectacles renewal and the effect of correction on refractive errors in a resource-limited community.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective review of case records of 1,413 consecutive patients seen in a private optometry practice, Nigeria between January 2006 and July 2007.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total number of 1,216 (86.1%) patients comprising of (486, 40%) males and (730, 60%) females with a mean age of 41.02 years SD 14.19 were analyzed. The age distribution peaked at peri-adolescent and the middle age years. The main ocular complaints were spectacles loss and discomfort (412, 33.9%), blurred near vision (399, 32.8%) and asthenopia (255, 20.9%). The mean duration of ocular symptoms before consultation was 2.05 years SD 1.92. The most common refractive errors include presbyopia (431, 35.3%), hyperopic astigmatism (240, 19.7%) and presbyopia with hyperopia (276, 22.7%). Only (59, 4.9%) had myopia. Following correction, there were reductions in magnitudes of the blind (VA<3/60) and visually impaired (VA<6/18-3/60) patients by (18, 58.1%) and (89, 81.7%) respectively. The main reasons for renewal of spectacles were broken lenses/frame/scratched lenses/lenses' falling off (47, 63.4%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Adequate correction of refractive errors reduces visual impairment and avoidable blindness and to achieve optimal control of refractive errors in the community, services should be targeted at individuals in the peri-adolescent and the middle age years.</p

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Seropositivity In African Patients Presenting To The Eye Clinic - A Preliminary To Prevention Of Occupational Exposure

A seroprevalence study of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in new patients attending the eye clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria showed that twenty-nine patients 2.7%) were positive to HIV1. No patient was positive to HIV 2. There were 21 males (72.4%) and 8 females (27.6%). The clinical diagnosis in the HIV positive patients was as shown in Table 1. Cataract was found in nine cases (31.03%), herpes zoster 4 (13.79%), glaucoma, optic atrophy (nonglaucomatous) and corneal abscess were responsible for 3 (10.35%) of cases each; presbyopia, bacterial conjunctivtis 2 (6.89%) while maculopathy, orbital cellulitis and adherent leucoma were found in 1 (3.45%) patient each. These findings suggest that, patients with ocular disorders and who are otherwise healthy looking may infact be HIV seropositive and as such it may be necessary to observe all rules relating to HIV transmission so as to prevent occupational exposure and cross infection in our clinics and operating theatres. Necessary measures to reduce occupational HIV infection and post exposure treatment if exposure occurs are discussed. Keywords: Nigeria, ophthalmological disorders, occupational exposure, cross infection. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 9 (3) 2008: pp. 110-11

Erratum

Adeoti CO, Afolabi AA, Ashaye AO, et alBilateral sporadic aniridia: review of managementClinical Ophthalmology2010;4:1085-1089The second and third authors&amp;#39; names should be Adebimpe A Afolabi and Adeyinka O Ashaye. The article should also be a review, not a case report, and the full title should read, &amp;lsquo;Bilateral sporadic aniridia - a case report and review of management&amp;#39;.Original articl

The anterior segment of the eye in diabetes

CO Adeoti1, MA Isawumi1, AO Ashaye2, BV Olomola11Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; 2Ophthalmology Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaPurpose: A prospective study to examine the anterior segment of the eye in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods: The anterior segments of the eyes of 181 patients with diabetes mellitus were examined. The commonest finding in the lids was warts, followed by poliosis and chalazia, and, in the conjunctiva, tortuous conjunctival vessels inferiorly (36.50%), pterygium (14.92%), and pingueculum (14.37%). Corneal sensitivity was reduced in 25 (13.80%) patients. Iris atrophy was the commonest finding in the iris. Dilatation of the pupil was delayed in 34 (18.79%) patients. Cataract was found in 119 (65.75%) patients. Forty-one (22.65%) patients had intraocular pressure greater than 21 mmHg. Seven (3.87%) patients, four (2.21%) patients, and one (0.55%) patient had seventh, third, and fourth palsy, respectively. No patient had sixth nerve palsy.Conclusion: Primary care physicians and other allied health care professionals who are first in contact with patients are enjoined to familiarize themselves with the anterior segment features of diabetes mellitus and take necessary action when they are detected.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, eye, anterior segmen

Splenic Operations In A Teaching Hospital, South-Western Nigeria

Background/Objective: To review all Splenic operations performed at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital (LTH) over a four year period- highlighting the indications, associated injuries in trauma patients, complications, outcome of management and follow up care. Patients and Methods: Information including demographic data, indications for operation, treatment and follow up care were obtained from case notes, theatre records and histology laboratory records; these were analyzed by simple percentage. Result: Twenty-six cases (M: F-18:8) with ages ranging between two and fifty-two years (mean 24.8 years) were treated. Eighty-eight percent were done as emergencies, 95% of these were for blunt abdominal injuries. Road traffic accident was the cause in above 50% of all patients with injuries while other indications included TSS, haematological, etc. Four (17%) of trauma patients had splenic preservation procedures done. Patients with wound infection, wound dehiscence and acute gastric dilatation were seven, five and one, respectively. No case of overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis was seen. Mortality was 15.4%. Conclusion: As trauma is the most common indication for operations on the spleen, spleen conservation should be practiced more often where open procedures are indicated. Keywords: Splenic operations, Spleen conservation surgery, Trauma, Post-operative care, Nigeria Sahel Medical Journal Vol. 11 (1) 2008: pp. 15-1