Characterization of a proton counter for particle therapy applications

A proton counter for particle therapy applications based on LGAD detectors was developed by the INFN and University of Torino

Leptin status and biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetic males from Gaza strip

Objective: To assess leptin status and biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetic males from Gaza Strip. Methods: The study comprised 66 type 2 diabetic males and 66 healthy non-diabetic controls from Gaza Strip. Patients and controls were age matched. Data were obtained from questionnaire interview and biochemical analysis of blood and urine samples. Results: Diabetes was associated with family history and diet. The main self-reported complications among patients were retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. Serum leptin was significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to controls (8.1±7.6 versus 5.9±4.0 ng/ml, P= 0.044). Similarly, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in diabetics than controls. Conversely, serum urea, creatinine and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly lower in diabetics. Urinary albumin, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were significantly increased in diabetics whereas urinary creatinine was significantly decreased. In diabetic patients, leptin showed positive significant correlation with body mass index, BMI (r= 0.669, P< 0.001), triglycerides (r= 0.412, P= 0.001) and urinary albumin (r= 0.276, P= 0.025) and negative significant correlation with urinary creatinine (r=-0.327, P= 0.007). Conclusion: Hyperleptinaemia and alterations with significant values in biochemical parameters were found in type 2 diabetic patients where leptin was positively correlated with BMI, triglycerides and urinary albumin, and negatively correlated with urinary creatinine

تاثير اشعاع الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية على الغدة الدرقية للانسان

This study aims to investigate the effects of non-ionizing radiation emitted from mobile phone base station on some target group of children. Their thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has been investigated taking into account the children were provided with possible protective olive oil supplement. The target group was composed of 120 children (6–12 years) and it was divided into three sets. The first group served as control group. The second group was exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) alone, the third group was exposed to EMF and given 2.5 mL/day olive oil supplementation for 5 weeks. The second and the third groups lived nearby mobile phone base station (100–150 m) for more than 5 years. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was assumed. EMF exposure caused decrease in TSH. Furthermore, this work presents a simulation study of electric fields, magnetic fields, power density and specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in human thyroid tissue. Concerning numerical modeling, the power absorption and specific absorption rate in a thyroid tissue are generally computed using FDTD methods. Results show that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from mobile phone penetrates the thyroid tissues and attenuates rapidly to reach zero at the inner of the tissue. The absorbent power and SAR show a maximum at the interface.تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة آثار الإشعاعات غير المؤينة المنبعثة منها محطة قاعدة الهاتف المحمول على بعض المجموعة المستهدفة من الأطفال. هرمون منشط للغدة الدرقية (TSH) وقد تم التحقيق مع الأخذ في الاعتبار تم تزويد الأطفال مع واقية ممكن ملحق زيت الزيتون. كانت المجموعة المستهدفة تتألف من 120 طفلاً (6-12 سنة) وتم تقسيمها إلى ثلاث مجموعات. خدمت المجموعة الأولى كمجموعة تحكم. المجموعة الثانية تعرضت ل المجال الكهرومغناطيسي (EMF) وحده ، المجموعة الثالثة تعرضت ل EMF وأعطيت 2.5 مل / يوم زيتون مكملات النفط لمدة 5 أسابيع. المجموعتان الثانية والثالثة عاشتا بالقرب من قاعدة للهاتف المحمول محطة (100-150 م) لأكثر من 5 سنوات. كان من المفترض هرمون محفز الغدة الدرقية (TSH). تسبب التعرض EMF انخفاض في TSH. علاوة على ذلك ، يقدم هذا العمل دراسة محاكاة للكهرباء الحقول ، الحقول المغناطيسية ، كثافة الطاقة وتوزيع معدل الامتصاص النوعي (SAR) في الغدة الدرقية البشرية الانسجة. فيما يتعلق بالنمذجة العددية ، امتصاص الطاقة ومعدل الامتصاص المحدد في الغدة الدرقية يتم حساب الأنسجة عموما باستخدام أساليب FDTD. أظهرت النتائج أن الإشعاع الكهرومغناطيسي (EMR) من الهاتف المحمول يخترق أنسجة الغدة الدرقية ويخفف بسرعة للوصول إلى الصفر في داخل الأنسجة. تظهر القوة الماصة و SAR كحد أقصى في الواجهة

An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Electromagnetic Radiations Emitted from Mobile Phone on General Health, pH, Flow Rate and Electrolytes Concentrations of Saliva …

During the recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in use of mobile phones which resulted in an increase of the exposure to electromagnetic radiations in our life. Human saliva is considered as a potential source of biomarkers to monitor changes that occur under pathological conditions. The main objective of the current experiment was to determine the effect of mobile phone radiation on general health, electrolytes and salivary function among Islamic University students who use mobile phones. A questionnaire was designed and applied to 167 healthy and 36 deaf female students to select cases whose meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 103 students who met the inclusion criteria were included to investigate the influence of mobile phone radiations on their general health. For assessment of salivary parameters, a total of 55 students were chosen and classified into three groups. Group I was the

Data acquisition system for a 146-channel counter of protons in particle therapy

A prototype of proton counter was developed by the University and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Torino to be used as online fluence beam monitor in particle therapy. The single particle identification approach aims at increasing the sensitivity and readout speed with respect to the state-of-the-art gas ionization chambers. The sensitive area is 2,7 x 2,7 cm^2 to cover the clinical beam cross section characterized by a full width at half maximum of about 1 cm at the isocenter. The sensor is a thin Low Gain Avalanche Diode segmented in 146 strips with 180 micrometer pitch and with 50 micrometer active thickness, designed and produced by the Fondazione Bruno Kessler (Trento, Italy). The frontend readout to identify the single proton signal provided by each strip is based on a 24channel custom ASICs, named ABACUS, optimized to discriminate the signal pulses in a wide charge range (3-150 fC) with a maximum dead-time of 10 ns. With these specifications, at the maximum fluence rate of 10^8 p/(cm^2s) in the clinical energy range (60-230 MeV) and considering the silicon strips described above, a maximum pileup counting inefficiency less than 1 percent is achieved. A frontend board housing 6 ABACUS chips to readout the 146 strips was developed, the digital outputs being sent to 3 FPGAs (Kintex7) for the counting. A LabVIEW program implements the interface with the FPGAs, displays online the counting rate from each strip and stores the data for offline analysis

Characterization of large LGAD sensors for proton counting in particle therapy

A proton counter prototype based on Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) technology is being developed for the online monitoring of the fluence rate of therapeutic proton beams. The laboratory characterization of thin (45 μm and 60 μm) LGAD sensors segmented in 146 strips with an unprecedented large area of 2.6 × 2.6 cm2, covering the entire beam cross-section, is presented and discussed. The production includes 14 wafers with different characteristics, designed and produced at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) of Trento in 2020. The laboratory characterization was carried out at FBK, right after production, and at the University of Torino, after cutting the sensors, using a probe station with a power analyzer for the static DC electrical tests. The tests proved that the production was of very high quality. From 16 sensors randomly selected from different wafers, we observed consistency between the measurements performed at FBK and at the University of Torino, indicating that the cut did not degrade the performance. The sensors were also exposed to the clinical proton beam of the National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO, Pavia, Italy). The results show that LGADs allow achieving, in a very thin active thickness, a good separation between the proton signal, a peak of a very short duration, and the noise. This, combined with the large active area, will allow counting protons delivered with high efficiency at the high rates of a clinical beam