5,647 research outputs found
Chimera States for Coupled Oscillators
Arrays of identical oscillators can display a remarkable spatiotemporal
pattern in which phase-locked oscillators coexist with drifting ones.
Discovered two years ago, such "chimera states" are believed to be impossible
for locally or globally coupled systems; they are peculiar to the intermediate
case of nonlocal coupling. Here we present an exact solution for this state,
for a ring of phase oscillators coupled by a cosine kernel. We show that the
stable chimera state bifurcates from a spatially modulated drift state, and
dies in a saddle-node bifurcation with an unstable chimera.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Eigenvalue Estimation of Differential Operators
We demonstrate how linear differential operators could be emulated by a
quantum processor, should one ever be built, using the Abrams-Lloyd algorithm.
Given a linear differential operator of order 2S, acting on functions
psi(x_1,x_2,...,x_D) with D arguments, the computational cost required to
estimate a low order eigenvalue to accuracy Theta(1/N^2) is
Theta((2(S+1)(1+1/nu)+D)log N) qubits and O(N^{2(S+1)(1+1/nu)} (D log N)^c)
gate operations, where N is the number of points to which each argument is
discretized, nu and c are implementation dependent constants of O(1). Optimal
classical methods require Theta(N^D) bits and Omega(N^D) gate operations to
perform the same eigenvalue estimation. The Abrams-Lloyd algorithm thereby
leads to exponential reduction in memory and polynomial reduction in gate
operations, provided the domain has sufficiently large dimension D >
2(S+1)(1+1/nu). In the case of Schrodinger's equation, ground state energy
estimation of two or more particles can in principle be performed with fewer
quantum mechanical gates than classical gates.Comment: significant content revisions: more algorithm details and brief
analysis of convergenc
Searches for New Quarks and Leptons Produced in Z-Boson Decay
We have searched for events with new-particle topologies in 390 hadronic Z decays with the Mark II detector at the SLAC Linear Collider. We place 95%-confidence-level lower limits of 40.7 GeV/c^2 for the top-quark mass, 42.0 GeV/c^2 for the mass of a fourth-generation charge - 1/3 quark, and 41.3 GeV/c^2 for the mass of an unstable Dirac neutral lepton
Measurement of Z Decays into Lepton Pairs
We present measurements by the Mark II experiment of the ratios of the leptonic partial widths of the Z boson to the hadronic partial width. The results are Γ_(ee)/Γ_(had)=0.037_(-0.012^()+0.016),Γ_(µµ)/Γ_(had)=0.053-_(0.015)^(+0.020), and Γ_(ττ)/Γ_(had)=0.066_(-0.017)^(+0.021), in good agreement with the standard-model prediction of 0.048. From the average leptonic width result, Γ_(ll)/Γ_(had)=0.053_(-0.009)^(+0.010), we derive Γ_(had)=1.56_(-0.24)^(+0.28) GeV. We find for the vector coupling constants of the tau and muon v_τ^2=0.31±0.31_(-0.30)^(+0.43) and v_μ^2=0.05±0.30_(-0.23)^(+0.34)
Molecule Microscopy
Contains reports on summary of research and one research project.Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-75-C-1346)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 S05 RR07047-10)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 HL14322-05)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 ROI GM22633-01
Phenotype-specific association of the TGFBR3 locus with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism
PURPOSE:
Based on a genome-wide association study of testicular dysgenesis syndrome showing a possible association with TGFBR3, we analyzed data from a larger, phenotypically restricted cryptorchidism population for potential replication of this signal.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We excluded samples based on strict quality control criteria, leaving 844 cases and 2,718 controls of European ancestry that were analyzed in 2 separate groups based on genotyping platform (ie Illumina® HumanHap550, version 1 or 3, or Human610-Quad, version 1 BeadChip in group 1 and Human OmniExpress 12, version 1 BeadChip platform in group 2). Analyses included genotype imputation at the TGFBR3 locus, association analysis of imputed data with correction for population substructure, subsequent meta-analysis of data for groups 1 and 2, and selective genotyping of independent cases (330) and controls (324) for replication. We also measured Tgfbr3 mRNA levels and performed TGFBR3/betaglycan immunostaining in rat fetal gubernaculum.
RESULTS:
We identified suggestive (p ≤ 1× 10(-4)) association of markers in/near TGFBR3, including rs9661103 (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.20, 1.64; p = 2.71 × 10(-5)) and rs10782968 (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.26, 1.98; p = 9.36 × 10(-5)) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In subgroup analyses we observed strongest association of rs17576372 (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.24, 1.60; p = 1.67 × 10(-4)) with proximal and rs11165059 (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.15, 1.38; p = 9.42 × 10(-4)) with distal testis position, signals in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs9661103 and rs10782968, respectively. Association of the prior genome-wide association study signal (rs12082710) was marginal (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.99, 1.28; p = 0.09 for group 1), and we were unable to replicate signals in our independent cohort. Tgfbr3/betaglycan was differentially expressed in wild-type and cryptorchid rat fetal gubernaculum.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data suggest complex or phenotype specific association of cryptorchidism with TGFBR3 and the gubernaculum as a potential target of TGFβ signaling
Dynamic modulation of spatially structured polarization fields for real-time control of ultrafast laser-material interactions
Computational capacity of the universe
Merely by existing, all physical systems register information. And by
evolving dynamically in time, they transform and process that information. The
laws of physics determine the amount of information that a physical system can
register (number of bits) and the number of elementary logic operations that a
system can perform (number of ops). The universe is a physical system. This
paper quantifies the amount of information that the universe can register and
the number of elementary operations that it can have performed over its
history. The universe can have performed no more than ops on
bits.Comment: 17 pages, TeX. submitted to Natur
Quantum search by measurement
We propose a quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial search problems that
uses only a sequence of measurements. The algorithm is similar in spirit to
quantum computation by adiabatic evolution, in that the goal is to remain in
the ground state of a time-varying Hamiltonian. Indeed, we show that the
running times of the two algorithms are closely related. We also show how to
achieve the quadratic speedup for Grover's unstructured search problem with
only two measurements. Finally, we discuss some similarities and differences
between the adiabatic and measurement algorithms.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
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