Penggunaan gambar rajah nisbah LQ-momen dalam pemilihan taburan terbaik

The method of moments has been one of the simplest and conventional parameter estimation techniques used in statistical hydrology. However, moment estimates are usually inferior in quality and generally not as efficient as the L-moment estimates, especially for distribution with three or more parameters. Of late, many regional frequency studies in hydrology use the L-moment ratio diagram to select the most appropriate distribution of hydrologic and meteorological data. An advantage of L-moment ratio diagrams is that one can compare the fit of several distributions using a single graphical instrument. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the LQ moments and to develop the LQ-moments ratio diagrams based on median estimator. Using flood-flow data at 73 stations in Peninsular Malaysia, we explored the suitability of various flood frequency models using LQ-moments ratio diagrams compared with L-moments ratio diagrams. The result shows that the new diagrams perform as well as L-moments ratio diagrams for selecting a suitable frequency distributions and makes it an attractive option in flood frequency analysis

Ubah suaian gred pencapaian pelajar dalam pemeringkatan sekolah menggunakan pendekatan VIKOR

Pemeringkatan merupakan satu proses penyusunan beberapa alternatif mengikut tertib keutamaan. Ianya berdasarkan kepada kriterium atau atribut yang ditentukan bagi setiap alternatif yang terlibat. Penilaian terhadap kriterium tersebut dilakukan dan kemudiannya suatu indeks komposit digubah bagi setiap alternatif untuk tujuan menyusun alternatif mengikut urutan keutamaan. Amalan ini dikenali sebagai pemutusan pelbagai kriterium (PPK). Terdapat beberapa pendekatan yang diamalkan dalam PPK, di antaranya dikenali sebagai VIKOR (Pengoptimuman Pelbagai Kriterium dan Penyelesaian Kompromi). Kajian ini bertujuan memerihalkan penggunaan VIKOR dalam pembinaan indeks komposit PPK bagi menyusun sekolah mengikut tahap pencapaian peperiksaan Sijil Peperiksaan Malaysia (SPM). Sekolah mewakili alternatif manakala kursus sebagai kriterium. Keputusan peperiksaan bagi sesuatu kursus diberi dalam bilangan pelajar mengikut gred. Setiap kursus ini dinilai berdasarkan sembilan skala gred, iaitu dari gred terbaik sehingga gred gagal sebagai gambaran tahap pencapaian setiap kursus yang kemudiannya diubah suai menggunakan skor merit

A Comparison of Risk Classification Methods for Claim Severity Data

The objective of this article is to compare several risk classification methods for claim severity data by using weighted equation which is written as a weighted difference between the observed and fitted values. The weighted equation will be applied to estimate claim severities which is equivalent to the total claim costs divided by the number of claims

Keutamaan amalan perniagaan di kalangan usahawan efisien

Sebanyak lapan amalan kewangan telah dinilai secara berpasangan. Pendekatan Saaty digunakan bagi membentuk pemberat bagi setiap amalan tersebut setelah matrik bandingan berpasangan dibentuk. Satu susunan amalan mengikut pemberat terberat diperolehi. Pembuat keputusan terhadap amalan ini ialah pengusaha produk makanan di negeri Kedah

Consensus of Criteria Ranking in Women's Decision-making

This paper investigates the nine criteria often weighed by working women in their decision-making. Four methods of deriving weight for each criterion are applied. Each method used will produce different weight values. In this paper we are going to suggest a way to reconcile the differences in order to get a consensus. For that purpose, ordered weighted average with fuzzy quantifier will be employed. As an illustration, a set of data collected from 340 women, academic and support staff of Universiti Teknologi MARA in Shah Alam, will be utilised. Ratings of importance of each criterion by these women were obtained through a set of questionnaires. The nine criteria used are also presented in this paper

Conceptual framework of organizational knowledge management capabilities

Various efforts were attempted by companies to deploy knowledge management.The quest to move beyond information management and into the realm o undertaking involving the development of the structures of the firm.Therefore, the identification and assessment of precondition is necessary for the organization to have successful knowledge management initiatives.The paper provides a theoretical framework on assessing the capability of an organization towards successful knowledge management.The framework providestwo dimensions of organizational capabilities namely socio-technical and processes.Then, it leads to organizational effectiveness, and finally, leads to organizational performance

Non-Parametric Quantile Selection for Extreme Distributions

The objective is to select the best non-parametric quantile estimation method for extreme distributions. This serves as a starting point for further research in quantile application such as in parameter estimation using LQ-moments method. Thirteen methods of non-parametric quantile estimation were applied on six types of extreme distributions and their efficiencies compared. Monte Carlo methods were used to generate the results, which showed that the method of Weighted Kernel estimator of Type 1 was more efficient than the other methods in many cases

Penilaian kaedah pengiraan Escherichia coli dalam masakan ayam (Evaluation of escherichia coli enumeration methods in poultry dishes)

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memilih kaedah terbaik daripada sebelas kaedah pengiraan Escherichia coli dalam masakan ayam. Kaedah-kaedah tersebut adalah piring curahan, piring sebaran, piring titisan, PetrifilmTM, tiga jenis pemiringan terus dan empat jenis kaedah bilangan paling mungkin (MPN). Perbandingan kaedah dijalankan mengikut prosedur ISO 16140. Setiap strain E. coli (ATCC 25922, IMR 1/3 107B dan IMR E243) telah diinokulasikan ke dalam lima jenis masakan ayam bagi mendapatkan kepekatan bakteria sehingga 105 cfu/g. Perlakuan haba dibuat pada 55oC selama 4-6 min bagi mewujudkan persekitaran yang seakan-akan sama seperti makanan tersebut dihidangkan sebaik sahaja selepas dimasak. Analisis statistik Regressi Kaedah Kuasa Dua Terkecil (KKDT) dijalankan bagi membandingkan sebelas kaedah pengiraan E. coli. Nilai kecerunan (m) yang signifikan (p < 0.05) pada kesemua Graf KKDT membawa maksud kesemua kaedah adalah serupa daripada segi kejituan, korelasi, dan ketepatan relatif. Oleh itu, penilaian praktikal turut dipertimbangkan bagi menentukan tiga kaedah terbaik bagi pengiraan E. coli dalam masakan ayam. Piring curahan, PetrifilmTM dan piring titisan adalah lebih praktikal berbanding lapan kaedah yang lain

The important aspects of theme parks using fuzzy logic

Tourism is one of the fastest growing service industries in the global economy.It is an important activity and is rapidly becoming the second most important sector for the Malaysian economy.The growth of the tourism industry impacts several important economic areas such as employment, income, foreign exchange earnings, and generation of value added. Realising that tourism sector is becoming a key component of the economic sources, the Malaysian government is now focusing in this sector.Many tourism packages are being promoted such as eco and agro tourism, festivals and entertainment, such as amusement parks and theme parks.Theme parks are one form of leisure activity designed to suit individuals of all ages and is gaining popularity in Malaysia.The growth of the theme park industry increased the number of theme park operators, which creates intense competition both in products and services they provide to customers.As a result, this situation is developing the implementation of new management techniques such as Knowledge Management (KM) to increase competitive advantage.KM is a new management approach that makes theme parks more competitive by improving the decision-making and the productivity. KM solutions are expected to improve the performance of the theme parks to gain competitive advantage.By measuring the achievement of this competitive advantage, this will enable the operators to monitor the required services being provided to the patrons.In this paper, we implement the LOWA operator to perform linguistic assessments instead of numerical values to express the preferences of theme park patrons.Comparisons are then made between the age group, sex, ethnic of patrons, frequency of visiting theme parks, and also between selected theme parks. This is to identify the key aspects of theme parks services preferred by patrons

Existence of fractal behaviour in ozone time series

Fractal has received a wide attention and has been used in many areas such as meteorology, stock market and also in medical field. It can be viewed as an object which has similar appearance when viewed at different scales which are known as self-similar. Thus, the scale invariance and scaling properties of the time series may be explored using fractal techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of fractal behaviour in the ozone time series. The presence of fractal behaviour can lead to the possibility of implementing the fractal approach in order to examine the properties of a time series. In this study, the daily average of ozone concentration from six selected air monitoring stations with different types of backgrounds in Peninsular Malaysia are used. From the autocorrelation function (ACF) plot obtained for the six stations, the slow decay in ACF values indicates that self-similarity are present where it shows that the series is having the property of fractal behaviour. In this paper, the existence of fractal behaviour is investigated by using the power spectrum method and the empirical probability distribution function. The result shows that the daily average of ozone concentration exhibits fractal behaviour for all the six monitoring stations considered