Research Article Application of City Development Strategy for Improvement of Informal Settlements in Iran: Case Study of Mouzirj Neighborhood of Babol

Abstract: Informal settlements are an undesirable consequence of the rapid growth of urbanization in contemporary society and a major challenge facing cities, especially in developing countries. The common policy of government disbanding of informal settlements contradicts the basic human right to shelter. A more realistic and humane approach is tolerance and gradual integration of such areas into the established city. In Iran, in parallel with urbanization, the development of informal settlements is a common phenomenon in contemporary cities. The Mouzirj neighborhood on the western edge of the city of Babol is an informal settlement. It faces physical, economic, social, legal and environmental problems. Providing solutions for improvement of Mouzirj will increase safety and bring the neighborhood into compliance with standards for residential neighborhoods. This study used the City Development Strategy (CDS) to improve this informal settlement in Babol. The research used a descriptiveanalytical approach and field studies to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the SWOT method and develop suitable strategies for improving the informal settlement. Strategies were prioritized using the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) model and the solutions were suggested for improving the region

Effect of Bionator and Farmand Appliance on the Treatment of Mandibular Deficiency in Prepubertal Stage

Objective:The present study aimed to compare dentoskeletal changes in mandibular-deficient patients treated with Bionator and Farmand appliances.Methods:This study included 54 subjects treated for class II division I malocclusion. All subjects fulfilled the following criteria: ANB>5°, SNB5 mm. The Bionator group consisted of 27 patients (15 girls, 12 boys) with the mean age of 11 (SD 1) years and the Farmand group consisted of 27 patients (17 girls, 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1 (SD 1.4) years. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon, and Mann–Whitney test.Results:In the Farmand group, SNB significantly increased from 74.3° (SD 1.7) to 77.6° (SD 2.3) and ANB decreased by 3.2° (SD 1.7) (p<0.001). In the Bionator group, SNB significantly increased from 75.5° (SD 0.9) to 79° (SD 0.9), and ANB decreased by 3.3° (SD 1.3) (p<0.001). The increase in IMPA showed that the lower incisors were significantly tipped using both appliances. T-test did not show any significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion:Despite the different designs of the appliances, both were successful in the treatment of class II division 1 malocclusion in mandibular-deficient patients