How to create an interface between UrQMD and Geant4 toolkit

An interface between the UrQMD-1.3cr model (version 1.3 for cosmic air showers) and the Geant4 transport toolkit has been developed. Compared to the current Geant4 (hybrid) hadronic models, this provides the ability to simulate at the microscopic level hadron, nucleus, and anti-nucleus interactions with matter from 0 to 1 TeV with a single transport code. This document provides installation requirements and instructions, as well as class and member function descriptions of the software.Comment: 52 pages, 1 figure, Geant4-UrQMD_interfac

Enabling comparison of UrQMD with Geant4 hadronic models

Geant4 has an abundant set of physics models that handle the diverse interaction of particles with matter across a wide energy range. However, there are also many well established reaction codes currently used in the same fields where Geant4 is applied. One such code is the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model. In order to take advantage of the UrQMD code, we create a tool to enable comparisons among UrQMD and Geant4 hadronic models. This tool allows a user to process the output file of UrQMD through Geant4 toolkit, while at the same time, can choose among different Geant4 hadronic model generators. As an example, the UrQMD model is compared with the HARP-CDP experimental data and with the Binary and FRITIOF generators, in the framework of Geant4. It is shown that the UrQMD model can better reproduce charged pion production for p+Cu and Pb interactions at 3, 8 and 15 GeV/c, and is a good candidate for Geant4 hadronic models.Comment: 17 pages, 5 Figure

Transport-theoretical Description of Nuclear Reactions

In this review we first outline the basics of transport theory and its recent generalization to off-shell transport. We then present in some detail the main ingredients of any transport method using in particular the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) implementation of this theory as an example. We discuss the potentials used, the ground state initialization and the collision term, including the in-medium modifications of the latter. The central part of this review covers applications of GiBUU to a wide class of reactions, starting from pion-induced reactions over proton and antiproton reactions on nuclei to heavy-ion collisions (up to about 30 AGeV). A major part concerns also the description of photon-, electron- and neutrino-induced reactions (in the energy range from a few 100 MeV to a few 100 GeV). For this wide class of reactions GiBUU gives an excellent description with the same physics input and the same code being used. We argue that GiBUU is an indispensable tool for any investigation of nuclear reactions in which final-state interactions play a role. Studies of pion-nucleus interactions, nuclear fragmentation, heavy ion reactions, hyper nucleus formation, hadronization, color transparency, electron-nucleus collisions and neutrino-nucleus interactions are all possible applications of GiBUU and are discussed in this article.Comment: 173 pages, review article. v2: Text-rearrangements in sects. 2 and 3 (as accepted for publication in Physics Reports

Investigating

We study pion production in proton–proton (pp) and in central $$^{7}$$Be + $$^{9}$$Be and $$^{40}\text {Ar}+ ^{45}\text {Sc}$$ collisions at CERN super proton synchrotron (SPS) energies within the Angantyr model, whose pp dynamics are modeled by PYTHIA 8.303 event generator. We have tuned the parameters of the default multi-partonic interaction (MPI) mechanism in PYTHIA 8.303 to describe simultaneously the measured rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of pions in inelastic pp-collisions in the beam momentum range from 20 to 158 GeV/c. We explore the influence of the standard Lund fragmentation and thermal string models, on the $$\pi ^{-}$$ observables, mainly from light(er) ion beams at CERN SPS energies. The role of primary hadron rescattering (HadSc) is also discussed. We find that the PYTHIA 8.303/Angantyr model employing both pp-tuned and thermal-string model with HadSc is able to reproduce the observed $$\pi ^{-}$$ yields in the light(er) ion beams at the whole CERN SPS energies