Hardware developments of an ultrasonic tomography measurement system

This research provides new technique in ultrasonic tomography by using ultrasonic transceivers instead of using separate transmitter-receiver pair. The numbers of sensors or transducers used to acquire data plays an important role to generate high resolution tomography images. The configuration of these sensors is a crucial factor in the efficiency of data acquisition. Instead of using common separated transmitter - receiver, an alternative approach has been taken to use dual functionality ultrasonic transceiver. A prototype design of sensor's jig that will hold 16 transceivers of 14.1mm has been design. Transmission-mode approach with fan beam technique has been used for sensing the flow of gas, liquid and solid. This paper also explains the circuitry designs for the Ultrasonic Tomography System

Prediction of HB, TW, and LDH in normal and leukemia subjects using PLSR analysis

There are numerous applications of Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) in the medical field. For instance, the application of NIRs can be found in the process of determining a blood parameter which acts as biomarker of specific diseased. This paper proposed a non-invasive leukemia early stage screening technique based on blood hemoglobin (HB), total white cell (TW), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The spectral data was acquired by applying NIRs directly at human fingertip and laboratory data was acquired from standard blood drawing procedure. During PLSR analysis the spectral data was compared with laboratory data for validation. The correlative coefficient of prediction (RP) for normal dataset is 0.9168, 0.8876, and 0.8307 for HB, TW, and LDH respectively. The correlative coefficient of prediction (RP) for leukemia dataset is 0.8588, 0.8868, and 0.8307 for HB, TW, and LDH respectively. The blood parameter with the highest R and smallest difference between RMSEC and RMSEP for both normal and leukemia data sets are HB, TW, and LDH accordingly. The high correlation level between the predicted values and the reference values proves the potential of using NIR spectral information for non-invasive early stage leukemia screening

Image Reconstruction for Solid Profile Measurement in ERT using Non-invasive Approach

Image reconstruction software and its image reconstruction algorithm are an important step towards constructing a tomography system. This paper demonstrates an image reconstruction of solid profile using linear back projection (LBP) algorithm and global threshold. A forward problem and inverse problem are discussed. The modelled of sensitivity distributions using COMSOL proved that the system is able to detect the liquid-solid regime in vertical pipe. Additionally, the location of the phantom can be easily distinguished using LBP algorithm and thresholding technique. The simulations and experiments results indicate that the sensitivity distribution of non-invasive ERT system can be applied in getting a tomogram of the medium of interest

Image reconstruction for solid profile measurement in ERT using non-invasive approach

Image reconstruction software and its image reconstruction algorithm are an important step towards constructing a tomography system. This paper demonstrates an image reconstruction of solid profile using linear back projection (LBP) algorithm and global threshold. A forward problem and inverse problem are discussed. The modelled of sensitivity distributions using COMSOL proved that the system is able to detect the liquid-solid regime in vertical pipe. Additionally, the location of the phantom can be easily distinguished using LBP algorithm and thresholding technique. The simulations and experiments results indicate that the sensitivity distribution of non-invasive ERT system can be applied in getting a tomogram of the medium of interest

Modeling orthogonal and rectilinear mixed-modality projection of optical tomography for solid-particles concentration measurement

In opticaltomography, light attenuation/scattering methods have been used to determine average solidsconcentrations in gas-solids flows. Derived from the Lambert–Beer law, the Mie theory forms the theoretical basis for optical sensor. It states that the intensity of light transmitted through a dilute gas–solids mixture should be exponentially related to the solidsconcentration in the light beam. In this context, the light transmits continuously and any particle passing though the volume interrogated by a sensor is detected as variation in the level of illumination of the sensor. This paper focused the modeling for a novel mixed-modality of orthogonal and rectilinearprojections. A novel image reconstruction algorithm has been applied and also tested on the modeling

A comparison of principal component regression and artificial neural network in fruits quality prediction

Generally, non-linear predictive models should be superior to linear predictive models. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of soluble solid content (SSC) prediction via Artificial Neural Network with Principal Components (PCs-ANN) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) in Visible and Shortwave Near Infrared (VIS-SWNIR) (400 - 1000 nm) spectrum. The spectra of 116 Fuji Apple samples were separated into calibration set of 84 apple samples and testing set of 32 apple samples randomly. Firstly, multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) was used to pre-process the spectra. Secondly, Principal Component Regression (PCR) was used to obtain the optimal number of principal components (PCs). Thirdly, the optimal PCs were used as the inputs of both multiple linear regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The results from this study showed that the predictive performance was improved significantly when PCs-ANN with two neurons was used compared to the PCR

Mathematical modelling of gas bubbles and oil droplets in liquid media using optical linear path projection

This paper describes mathematical modelling of oil droplets and gas bubbles in water. The light sources that are discussed are visible light radiation and infrared radiation. Gas bubbles or oil droplets less than 1 mm diameter are of interest in this investigation. Results show a good agreement between gas bubbles and an oil droplet of radius . The importance of this modelling is that the bubbles approximately describe the characteristics or behavior of oil droplets. This paper shows why a gas bubble is used in this experiment instead of oil droplets

An improved automated herbicides machine for farmers at oil palm plantation

This project improves on the existing manual herbicides tanks used by farmers at oil palm plantations. The main objective is to design and construct an automated machine that can facilitate the farmer's work of clearing grass at small scale oil palm plantations. In this project, a portable machine trolley which can be handled with ease was contructed. This machine allows the farmers to freely control the flow of herbicide directly towards the grass using one hand. The system will automatically pump the fluid inside the tank and, indicate the signal for high and low water level. The herbicides tank can accommodate 30 L at one time and regulate the pressure manually. This system is controlled by a relay circuit. As a result, the output of the pump can produce a pressure of 0.7 MPa or 7 Bar and the distance of the water from static machine can spray out up to 15 m. The maximum flow of water measured is 5.0 L per minute maximum. As a result, it gives farmers more options for clearing grass at oil palm plantations

Early detection of pipeline leakage using ultrasonic sensor

Pipelines leakage is the main problem faced by industries. The main causes of leakage on pipelines are corrosion, crack and disaster. This problem must be detected early to ensure that maintenance work can be done quickly to prevent pipe bursts, as well as to minimize operational costs. The objective of this research is to review a method for early detection of leakage on pipeline that affect by the changing water level in the pipeline. The method used in this research is ultrasonic sensor that is implanted on the outer surface pipeline