Experimental Analysis on Double Layer Kapton Material using Peltier Thermoelectric Device

Kapton is one of the flexible materials used in the development of microwave components for the telecommunications system. The electrical properties of Kapton are dependent on the material's temperature. In this study, this material will be heated, and the electrical properties of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent will be analyzed. This material heating process is done by using Peltier thermoelectric which is installed with Aluminium alloy. The 0 V up to 7 V DC voltage was supplied to the Peltier during the heating process. Then, the electrical properties of Kapton were measured by using a dielectric probe and vector network analyzer (VNA) at frequencies of 1 GHz to 9 GHz. The results obtained show the Kapton temperature was increased from 27oC to 41oC. Meanwhile, the dielectric permittivity also varied from 1.72 to 1.64 at the frequency of 5 GHz when 4 V was used. The maximum loss tangent value of 0.5 was observed when the maximum DC voltage of 7 V was applied. The knowledge of this experimental work can be used to design reconfigurable microwave components for smart system application

Dual Polarization Single Port Inset Feed Microstrip Patch Array Antenna

This paper present the designs of array antenna from type of inset-fed microstrip patch antenna by using single port oriented at 45° and -45°. The antennas are capable to generate dualpolarization radiation pattern centered at 45° and -45°. Combinations of two patches using quarter-wave impedance matching technique has been used to designs the array antennas operate at 2.4 GHz. The designs are simulated using Microwave Office 2004 and were fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant εr =4.7, tan δ =0.019 and thickness =1.6mm. The simulation and measurement result have been compared. The 3 design 1x2 array antennas yield a bandwidth greater than 5%. The gain of the proposed antennas is also stable with operated frequency. The result showed that the combination of more patches in array can improve the return loss and gain performances. 

Analysis of Indoor MIMO Channel Capacity Using Spatial Diversity Technique

This paper focus on simulation and measurement of MIMO channel capacity for indoor propagation. A spatial diversity method is employed during measurement and simulation process. The investigation on the channel capacity for various distance and spacing of both transmitter and receiver antenna have been done. The investigations of channel capacity are included with difference distance between transmitter and receiver sides and different in element antenna spacing. For the simulation, the path loss for the free space and physical effect are been considered. The 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch array antenna is used in order to characterize channel parameter at 2.4GHz operating frequency. Measurement process for 4x4 antenna configuration is done in UTeM Microwave Laboratory. The capacities of MIMO channel also decrease by increasing the distance between transmit and receive antenn

The Investigation of Polarozation Diversity in MIMO System at 2.4GHz

This paper describes the concept of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system using polarization diversity that can enhance the channel capacity and increase the data output performance of the system. The microstrip antenna array is designed, fabricated and measured at the desired operating frequency for this measurement. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is used to design and simulate the microstrip antenna array. The simulation and measurement data results are compared and discussed. The fabricated microstrip antenna is used to develop the Radio Frequency (RF) MIMO test bed system. The system measurement was conducted in Microwave Laboratory at Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University Technical Malaysia Melaka with the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The spatial diversity and polarization diversity are applied in measurement campaign to investigate the performance of the wireless MIMO channel. The data obtained from the measurement was post-processed using MATLAB software in order to calculate the MIMO channel capacity. The analysis focused on the effect of the MIMO channel capacity due to the proposed measurement setup configurations. The channel capacity was increased from 0.03 b/s/Hz to 0.09 b/s/Hz when polarization diversity is applied at both transmitter and receive

Investigation of Single Stage λ/4 Transformer Matching Network To The X-Circular Polarized Antenna

This technical paper present 2 design of x-circular polarized with slanted rectangular slot microstrip patch antenna. 4 different circular polarized wave is feed by using single port in X-form is at 450, 1350, 2250 and 3150. The combination of 4 patches for design 1 is without using quarter wave impedance matching technique and design 2 refer to the design x-circular polarized with slanted rectangular slot microstrip patch antenna with single stage transformer. The designs are simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) with dielectric constant, εr=4.3, loss tangent, tan δ=0.019 and thickness of substrate, t=1.6mm. The simulation results for ther return loss, bandwidth, gain, directivity and polarization have been compared. The λ/4 transformer matching network can improve the antenna performance especially the gain and efficienc

Design of Wideband Low Noise Amplifier using Negative Feedback Topology for Motorola Application

This paper describes the design of wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) for Motorola application which targeted to be applied in two-way communication mobile system architecture. The technical specification was deduced from the TIA-603C standard receiver system sensitivity and intermodulation. The proposed LNA exhibit low power consumption and adopts a negative feedback wideband amplifier topology, operated from 100 MHz to 1 GHz which covers the whole Land Mobile FM Communication Equipment (136 – 941 MHz) frequency band. The proposed topology solve the RF tracing problem inherited in the targeted frequency and also the problem of economically impractical PCB size rendered by other wideband amplifier methods. The Advanced Design System software is used to perform the simulations. The measured result show the proposed LNA using FR4 board has a stable gain of more than 15 dB, noise figure less than 1.5 dB, S11 and S22 less than -10 dB, with current consumption of 8mA from voltage supply at 1.8

Split Ring Resonator Structure on Microstrip Patch Antenna and Other Microwave Application Design: A Review

Beyond 2000, the number of investigation and fabrication on metamaterial especially of split ring resonator structure has developed exponentially. Two main enhancement by split ring resonator structure in microstrip patch antenna is the miniaturized of patch size and multiband effect for many application by a single patch antenna. In this review paper, the several examples on the previous researcher on microstrip patch antenna with different structure of split ring resonator had been done. Before that, a sample of split ring resonator on others microwave range applications such microwave filter, frequency selective surface, pyramidal microwave absorber, amplifier and oscillator are discussed

Enhanced Integrated Indoor Positioning Algorithm Utilising Wi-Fi Fingerprint Technique

This paper describes an integrated positioning algorithm utilizing Wi-Fi fingerprint technique for indoor positioning. The main contribution of this work is the improvement of positioning accuracy for indoor localization even in extreme RSSI fluctuation which leads to variation of positioning error. Several layers of Wi-Fi positioning is proposed, which are based on deterministic techniques, iterative Bayesian estimation, and also Kalman filter to enhance accuracy due to noise presence. Here, accumulated accuracy is introduced where the distribution of location error is determined by estimation at each test point on path movement. The results show that the integrated algorithm enhances the estimation accuracy in several scenarios which are different Wi-Fi chipsets and movement directions. The error distribution shows an achievement of up to 65% for error less than 5m compared to the basic deterministic technique of only 45%

Analysis of 1x4 Power Combiner with Rectangular Slot for Microwave Application

This paper presents the design and analysis of the 1x4 Power Combiner with Rectangular Slot for Microwave Application. The focused frequency ranges were from 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz. Three main parameters were investigated in this paper which was length of slot (L1), width of slot (W1) and position of slot (distance). The numerical analysis had been done on the proposed parametric to characterize the effect. The design of tapered finline in the power combiner was simulated using a CST Microwave Studio Software. The simulation process was based on the input return loss and insertion loss at every input port. The rectangular slot was able to enhance the wideband by approximately 400 MHz. Index Terms