WA-GPSR: Weight-Aware GPSR-Based Routing Protocol for VANET

The extremely fast topology has created new requirements for the geographic routing protocol, which has been the most efficient solution for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The frequent disconnection of links makes the choice of the next routing node extremely difficult. Hence, an efficient routing algorithm needs to deliver the appropriate path to transfer the data packets with the most relevant quality of service (QoS). In this work, the weight-aware greedy perimeter stateless (WA-GPSR) routing protocol is presented. The enhanced GPSR protocol computes the reliable communication area and selects the next forwarding vehicle based on several routing criteria. The proposal has been evaluated and compared to Maxduration-Minangle GPSR (MM-GPSR) and traditional GPSR using strict metric analysis. Our experimental results using NS-2 and VanetMobiSim, have demonstrated that WA-GPSR has the ability to enhance network performance

Using a Task/Method Paradigm for Knowledge Sharing and professional training in a Community of Practice

International audienceno abstrac

Network Water Quality at a Hospital Center in Morocco: Bacteriological Survey and Relationship with Human Health

Water is mandatory for the functioning of hospitals. Its consumption varies from one service to another, and its use can reduce the service quality on one hand and presents a major risk of nosocomial infection on the other hand. The health risks related to the use of water in hospitals are mostly microbiological, but sometimes they can be chemical. For this reason, the conducted work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the quality and bacteriological efficiency of the network water of the provincial hospital center IBN BAJA in Taza, Northeast Morocco. During one year, 72 samples were analyzed in six surgery departments, one sample per month for each ward at a rate of six samples per month and per department. The results obtained showed that the water quality of the hospital network was in conformity with the requirements of the Moroccan standards. Nonetheless, some bacterial strains such as Aeromonas salmonicida spp salmonicida, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas luteola, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Stenotrophonomas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia and Micrococcus luteus, which constitute a major risk to human health, were found. Moreover, after sensitivity evaluation to the twenty-seven antibiotics, some strains have been shown to be multi-resistant, which can present a major risk of nosocomial infections in the studied hospital for human beings

Exploitation of olive mill wastewater in sorghum irrigation

Purpose In Morocco, the olive industry has made remarkable progress thanks to the "Green Morocco Plan" adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2018, the total production was around 2,000,000 tons of olives, with a growth of 11.93% compared to the previous years. However, each year this activity generates millions of tons of liquid and solid pollutants "olive mill wastewater (OMW)" and "pomace", discharged directly into water streams without prior treatment, which creates serious ecological problems.Method This study focuses on the use of raw and diluted OMW for the fertilization of sorghum. The OMW were characterized, diluted (½ and ¼), and applied at a rate of 5 L /week /m2. Sorghum growth was monitored by studying physiological performance (transpiration, stomatal conductance, the intensity of photosynthesis, and the performance of photosystem II).Results The raw OMW is acidic, salty, highly loaded with organic (COD / BOD5 = 7.1> 3), and inorganic matter and polyphenol content of 9 g/L. All the parameters for monitoring the growth of sorghum are lower for plants irrigated by raw OMW, which are symptoms of water stress. Using the T-test, the plants irrigated by half-diluted OMW have yielded the same results as those of the control.Conclusion Despite the fact that the half dilution of OMW has proved promising results, we suggest that it should be pretreated before its use in sorghum irrigation to reduce its organic loads and acidity

Energy Valorization of Olive Mill Waste Cake – Extraction of Vegetable Oil and Transesterification

The olive mill wastewater, effluents from the trituration of olives, are treated in most Mediterranean countries by natural evaporation. However, this method of treatment is a source of air and soil pollution by the generation of solid waste, called olive mill waste cake. This work focused on extracting of vegetable oil from this by-product for biodiesel production by transesterification. The extraction took place with a Soxhlet extractor, using hexane as solvent. The vegetable oil and biodiesel were characterized by measuring the physicochemical parameters that identify them according to AFNOR standards. The extraction results show that the oil yield is 21.28%. The oil obtained is characterized by density, water and ash content, acidity, saponification, peroxide and ester. The yield of the oil esterification reaction is 86.41% or about 185 Kg of biodiesel/ton of olive mill waste cake, and in terms of energy 2783.7 MJ or 2 GW.t-1. The biodiesel produced is comparable to petroleum diesel according to EN 14214, 2013

The Needles of Aleppo Pine From the Province of Taza-Morocco – A Biomaterial of Great Potential

The needles of the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) (PA) are very abundant in the forest of the National Park of Tazekka (Ta-za-Morocco) and are unexploitable. Moreover, they constitute a potential danger because they facilitate the outbreak of wildfires. To solve this problem, we have considered turning these needles into a biomaterial that could be used as raw material for different uses, such as wastewater treatment. The biomaterial of the Aleppo pine is obtained from its needles which are harvested in spring, dried, cut, crushed, and sieved. The powder obtained is analyzed before and after the extraction of essential oil. The physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses show that this biomaterial is porous, hygroscopic, slightly acidic, moderately moist, and not very conducive. Its average density in the anhydrous state is 0.6. It is rich in carbon (79.91%) and oxygen (18.91%) in the form of aromatic compounds and ketone imprints; thus, relating the presence of cellulose, pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose. Its composition in mineral elements (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, S) is deficient. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oils extracted from the needle powder relates that it is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds such as mono-terpenoid α and β-pinene hydrocarbons. These results show that our biomaterial can be used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment and the extracted essential oils can be used in the pharmacological, agro-food field

Energy Valorization of Olive Mill Waste Cake – Extraction of Vegetable Oil and Transesterification

The olive mill waste water, effluents from the trituration of olives, are treated in most Mediterranean countries by natural evaporation. However, this method of treatment is a source of air and soil pollution by the generation of a solid waste, called olive mill waste cake. This work focused on the extraction of vegetable oil from this by-product for the production of biodiesel by transesterification. The extraction took place with a Soxhlet extractor, using hexane as solvent. The vegetable oil and biodiesel were characterized by measuring the physicochemical parameters that identify them according to AFNOR standards. The extraction results show that the oil yield is 21.28%. The oil obtained is characterized by density, water and ash content, acidity, saponification, peroxide and ester indices in accordance with NF EN ISO 3838 2004, NF V 03-921 2010, ISO 21656 2021, NF EN 14104 2021, NF EN ISO 365 2020, ISO 3960 2017 and NM ISO 7660 2016 respectively. The yield of the oil esterification reaction is 86.41% 403.64106 MJ/tons of olive mill waste cake. The biodiesel produced is comparable to petroleum diesel according to EN 14214, 2013. The yield of the oil esterification reaction is 86.41% or about 185 Kg of biodiesel/ton of olive mill waste cake, and in terms of energy 2783.7 MJ or 2 GW/t. The biodiesel produced is comparable to petroleum diesel according to EN 14214,2013

Reply to Comment on \u201cThe Jurassic-Cretaceous basaltic magmatism of the Oued El-Abid syncline (High Atlas, Morocco): Physical volcanology, geochemistry and geodynamic implications\u201d by Andr\ue9 Michard et al., (2013) Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 88, December 2013, Pages 101\u2013105

We welcome the comment by Michard et al. (2013) as it gives us the opportunity to better discuss the Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatism of the High Atlas (Morocco). In their comment, Michard et al. (2013) focus on three main points which are: (i) the age of the basalts from Naour, (ii) the structural history of the Central High Atlas and (iii) the geodynamic significance of the related Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatism. We will address these questions in the following sections