Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood secondary to dengue infection: A case report from Pakistan

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare condition mainly affecting children with a distinct clinico-radiologic pattern. Initially thought to be secondary to respiratory viral infections, there have been more insights to the pathogenesis of ANEC including genetics. We present a case of a girl who developed this condition with classical clinico-radiologic findings of ANEC secondary to severe dengue infection and could not survive. We report this case with the aim to raise awareness about this fatal complication of dengue infection as dengue has become a global health-care problem

CLIMATE CHANGE: THE POLITICS AND CHALLENGES IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

This article consists of five major parts. It includes the analysis of politics and international cooperation on climate change and the legal environmental scenario and implementation, trends, and litigation concerns faced by climate change. The Paris Agreement of Climate Change (2015) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation are the two main players at the global level to target greenhouse gas emissions as a voluntary framework. These guiding principles relating to the environment for sustainable development are evolving over time and did not shape as customary law. The ultimate solution lies in understanding the problem intensity through growing scientific facts about the impacts of climate change

Climate change: the politics and challenges in perspective of the international environmental laws

This article consists of five major parts. It includes the analysis of politics and international cooperation on climate change and the legal environmental scenario and implementation, trends and litigation concerns faced by climate change. The Paris Agreement of Climate Change (2015) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation are the two main players at the global level to target greenhouse gas emissions as a voluntary framework. These guiding principles relating to the environment for sustainable development are evolving over time and did not shape as customary law. The ultimate solution lies in understanding the problem intensity through growing scientific facts about the impacts of climate change

Use of SPAN for Identified Network Traffic via Machine Learning

Few years back the number of wireless devices and their use in our daily life has been increased a lot. All devices cell phones, laptops, tablets, camera, TVs, home appliances have become a part of network now. As the network devices are growing and getting connected to each other the security risks are getting higher. All the companies and organizations are now establishing and implanting the public and private wireless networks. Organization have to pay heavy cost to implement and integrate all devices together on a network. As wireless networks are more vulnerable to threats and in security's a huge network all the devices should be identified whenever they enter or leave a network traffic pool the experimental work in this paper will elaborate the methods to identify the network traffic identification under encryption. This paper emphases on identification of devices based on layer 2 functionality by MAC (Media Access Code). Later on, the identification was improved using labeled or tagged traffic methods by use of SPAN (Switch port analyzer technique) technology or protocol with assistance ofVirtual Local Area Network. Many Supervised learning methods were examined during experiment and were referenced on data collected by real time traffic. The network traffic of multiple deceives gradually passes through network so incremental learning method is implemented as classification for streaming data

Impact of Crime on Socio-Economic Development: A Study of Karachi

This study was conducted to explore the impact of crime on socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the study was to comprehend the increasing crime rate and to know its influences on socio-economic progress. To examine the crime and its impacts on country development, a field survey was conducted and questionnaires was developed to understand the ground situation. For the purpose of the interviews the members of the community were selected by using simple random sample technique.  This study is found that crime rate is cumulative due to dissimilar socio-economic snags like, poverty, unemployment, uses of drugs, etc.  Further this study highlights the causes and recommends possible solutions for the curbing the threat of crime in Karachi. The main focus of this research paper is to find out the pathways to overcome crime in Pakistan. Key words: Crime, Socio-Economic, Development, Karach

Socio-Economic Effects of Children Employment Law in Reducing Child Labor in Punjab-Pakistan

Children do laborious work because of many reasons out of which the most important is the pressure to help the family escaping from extreme poverty. Though the children are not given adequate payment for their work and the children prove to be the dominant shareholders to family income especially in developing nations. According to Maple Croft report, Pakistan was placed at 6th position out of top 10 countries in which child labor is in its worst condition. Keeping in view that scenario the present study is aimed to identify the socio-economic effect of child employment laws in reducing child labor. The study was conducted in Sargodha District of Punjab. Multistage sampling was used for data collection. Study employed descriptive design. Study population included all the poor people living in rural areas of district Sargodha. From four randomly selected villages, thirty poor people were selected purposively from each village for the collection of data. Thus, study sample consisted of total 120 poor families whose children were doing laborious work. Structured interview schedule was developed with continuous guidance and supervision of field experts. Panel of experts determined content and face validity of the research instrument. Cronbach’s alpha value was used to check reliability of instrument. Data was collected through personal interviews. Data thus collected was analyzed and different statistical techniques were applied to explain the results of the study

Challenges perceived by nursing professionals in physician‐centred organizations: An exploratory qualitative study

Aim: To explore and analyse contextual challenges in nursing that have affected nurses' perceptions and role performance. Background: Health system hierarchy and patient/family-centred care has led to a high demand for skilled nurses. However, patriarchal organizations create challenges for nursing clinicians in Pakistan and elsewhere. Methods: A qualitative exploratory research (phenomenology) design was used. Twenty-five participants identified through purposive sampling contributed to the study. The data analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 Plus. We generated six major themes. Reporting was accomplished according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist. Results: Gendered division of labour places nurses in a submissive position in clinical practice. Decreases in nurse-to-patient ratio and increase in patient-focused care adversely affect evidence-based practice. The gap between theory and practice in delivering quality care is increasing due to existing communication barriers among health-related professionals and an inadequate work environment. Comparatively inactive nursing leadership and directorate roles are not improving the social image of nursing, and are promoting role conflict and poor nursing self-concepts among nurses. In fact, cultural shock experienced by young nurses has produced inherent disorientation in their professionalism and fostered displays of horizontal violence towards them by senior nurses. Conclusion: These challenges are influencing nurses' decisions to remain in or to join nursing as a profession that is confronted by severe recruitment and retention shortages due to the social and cultural stigmatization of this female dominated profession. Implications for nursing, health and social policy: This study promotes the concept of evidence-based practice to deliver quality health services in public hospitals and to improve the social status of nursing in Pakistan. It provides influential evidence to policymakers who should urgently address nurses' workplace health and safety issues as a global right

IFDMR Establishment – A Solution for Space Debris Mitigation and Removal

Space debris is a global mounting ultimatum to the enduring maintainability of outer space activities and ought to be managed from the very beginning; otherwise, it will be too late. Based on the last couple of years, collisions are incidents that have enhanced space debris accumulation, and the rate at which space activities have resulted in the production of debris is at a threshold position in a linear fashion. Ultimately, space has become the rendezvous of space debris. Based on the growing accumulation of debris and the emerging apprehension regarding a horrible strike and collapse of whole space programs, to remove debris is very expensive process so this paper focuses on the financial challenges and solution as well. Developing and developed countries realize the value of a competent establishment of an International Fund for Debris Mitigation and Removal (IFDMR) that could address the financial issues. Thus, this paper suggests to create incentive opportunities for remediation of space debris and penalties for its production. it would be very strong and effective mechanism to halt this mounting issue by utilizing international fund. The revenue for fund would be collected mainly from contributing member states space agencies, the proportionate contributors of debris producer like (US, RUSSIA, CHINA), and other relevant stack holders, insurance of missions, levying fee from every launching, donations from various international organizations and private entities and UN Aid etc. The fund would be operated by the Director of fund having board of directors as management team under the umbrella of UNOOSA

Frequency and outcome of acute neurologic complications after congenital heart disease surgery

Objectives: To determine the frequency and immediate outcome of acute neurologic complications (ANCs) in children undergoing congenital heart surgery (CHS).Materials and Methods: Inthis retrospective study, all patients undergoing CHS at our hospital from January 2007 to June 2016 were included. Patients were followed up for the development of seizures, altered level of consciousness (ALOC), abnormal movements, and stroke. Results are presented as mean with standard deviation and frequency with percentages.Results: Of 2000 patients who underwent CHS at our center during the study, 35 patients (1.75%) developed ANC. Seizures occurred in 28 (80%), ALOC in 5 (14%), clinical stroke in 2, brain death in 6 patients. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were started in 32 patients, of which 13 patients required more than one AED. Mean length of stay was 10 ± 7.36 days. Of 35 patients who developed ANC, 7 expired during the study.Conclusion: Neurological complications are scarce but significant morbidity after CHS at our center