Magnetohydrodynamic Viscous Flow Over a Shrinking Sheet With Second Order Slip Flow Model

In this paper, we investigate the magnetohydrodynamic viscous flow with second order slip flow model over a permeable shrinking surface. We have obtained the closed form of exact solution of Navier-Stokes equations by using similarity variable technique. The effects of slip, suction and magnetic parameter have been investigated in detail. The results show that there are two solution branches, namely lower and upper solution branch. The behavior of velocity and shear stress profiles for different values of slip, suction and magnetic parameters has been discussed through graphs.Comment: 13 Pages, 8 Figures. Accepted for Publication in Heat Transfer Researc

Insight into the impact of COVID-19 on Australian transportation sector : an economic and community-based perspective

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major virus outbreak of the 21st century. The Australian government and local authorities introduced some drastic strategies and policies to control the outspread of this virus. The policies related to lockdown, quarantine, social distancing, shut down of educational institute, work from home, and international and interstate travel bans significantly affect the lifestyle of citizens and, thus, influence their activity patterns. The transport system is, thus, severely affected due to the COVID-19 related restrictions. This paper analyses how the transport system is impacted because of the policies adopted by the Australian government for the containment of the COVID-19. Three main components of the transport sector are studied. These are air travel, public transport, and freight transport. Various official sources of data such as the official website of the Australian government, Google mobility trends, Apple Mobility trends, and Moovit were consulted along with recently published research articles on COVID-19 and its impacts. The secondary sources of data include databases, web articles, and interviews that were conducted with the stakeholders of transport sectors in Australia to analyse the relationship between COVID-19 prevention measures and the transport system. The results of this study showed reduced demand for transport with the adoption of COVID-19 prevention measures. Declines in revenues in the air, freight, and public transport sectors of the transport industry are also reported. The survey shows that transport sector in Australia is facing a serious financial downfall as the use of public transport has dropped by 80%, a 31.5% drop in revenues earned by International airlines in Australia has been predicted, and a 9.5% reduction in the freight transport by water is expected. The recovery of the transport sector to the pre-pandemic state is only possible with the relaxation of COVID-19 containment policies and financial support by the government

Therapeutic Potential of Seaweed Bioactive Compounds

Edible seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as soluble dietary fibers, proteins, peptides, minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Previously, seaweeds were only used as gelling and thickening agents in the food or pharmaceutical industries, recent researches have revealed their potential as complementary medicine. The red, brown and green seaweeds have been shown to have therapeutic properties for health and disease management, such as anticancer, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiestrogenic, thyroid stimulating, neuroprotective, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial and tissue healing properties. In proposed chapter, we discussed various active compounds include sulphated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, carotenoids (e.g. fucoxanthin), minerals, peptides and sulfolipids, with proven benefits against degenerative metabolic diseases. Moreover, therapeutic modes of action of these bioactive components and their reports are summarized in this chapter

A gabor filter-based protocol for automated image-based building detection

Detecting buildings from high-resolution satellite imagery is beneficial in mapping, environmental preparation, disaster management, military planning, urban planning and research purposes. Differentiating buildings from the images is possible however, it may be a time-consuming or complicated process. Therefore, the high-resolution imagery from satellites needs to be automated to detect the buildings. Additionally, buildings exhibit several different characteristics, and their appearance in these images is unplanned. Moreover, buildings in the metropolitan environment are typically crowded and complicated. Therefore, it is challenging to identify the building and hard tolocate them. To resolve this situation, a novel probabilistic method has been suggested using local features and probabilistic approaches. A local feature extraction technique was implemented, which was used to calculate the probability density function. The locations in the image were represented as joint probability distributions and were used to estimate their probability distribution function (pdf). The density of building locations in the image was extracted. Kernel density distribution was also used to find the density flow for different metropolitan cities such as Sydney (Australia), Tokyo (Japan), and Mumbai (India), which is useful for distribution intensity and pattern of facility point f interest (POI). The purpose system can detect buildings/rooftops and to test our system, we choose some crops with panchromatic high-resolution satellite images from Australia and our results looks promising with high efficiency and minimal computational time for feature extraction. We were able to detect buildings with shadows and building without shadows in 0.4468 (seconds) and 0.5126 (seconds) respectively

Localization of sound sources : a systematic review

Sound localization is a vast field of research and advancement which is used in many useful applications to facilitate communication, radars, medical aid, and speech enhancement to but name a few. Many different methods are presented in recent times in this field to gain benefits. Various types of microphone arrays serve the purpose of sensing the incoming sound. This paper presents an overview of the importance of using sound localization in different applications along with the use and limitations of ad-hoc microphones over other microphones. In order to overcome these limitations certain approaches are also presented. Detailed explanation of some of the existing methods that are used for sound localization using microphone arrays in the recent literature is given. Existing methods are studied in a comparative fashion along with the factors that influence the choice of one method over the others. This review is done in order to form a basis for choosing the best fit method for our use

Effect of gravistimulation on amino acid profile of pea, rice, corn, wheat during early growth stages

AbstractThe amino acids are one of the major cellular components of plants, which are involved in different metabolic pathways. In present study, effect of artificial gravistimulation on amino acid profiles of pea, rice, corn, wheat during early growth stages was investigated. One-axis clinostat was used for gravistimulation application, which was applied at embryonic stage. Amino acid profile was measured in 10-days old seedlings of pea, rice, corn and wheat cultivars. The effect of clinostat rotation was also evaluated under salt stress and MS medium supplement. Germinated pea, rice, corn and wheat seedlings were grown under the gravity condition for specific time interval. Corn and wheat seeds showed slow germination as compared to pea and rice cultivars. The rate of amino acid formation under gravity condition was significantly higher than control (un-treated seedling). The variation in amino acid profile of pea, rice, corn and wheat cultivars vary deferentially. Results revealed that gravistimulation applied through clinostat has positive effect on amino acid profile in plant tissue and future studies should be focused on growth, biochemical, physiological at lateral stages of growth

Effects of iron deficiency and iron supplementation at the host-microbiota interface: could a piglet model unravel complexities of the underlying mechanisms?

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent human micronutrient deficiency, disrupting the physiological development of millions of infants and children. Oral iron supplementation is used to address iron-deficiency anaemia and reduce associated stunting but can promote infection risk since restriction of iron availability serves as an innate immune mechanism against invading pathogens. Raised iron availability is associated with an increase in enteric pathogens, especially Enterobacteriaceae species, accompanied by reductions in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and lLactobacillaceaei and may skew the pattern of gut microbiota development. Since the gut microbiota is the primary driver of immune development, deviations from normal patterns of bacterial succession in early life can have long-term implications for immune functionality. There is a paucity of knowledge regarding how both iron deficiency and luminal iron availability affect gut microbiota development, or the subsequent impact on immunity, which are likely to be contributors to the increased risk of infection. Piglets are naturally iron deficient. This is largely due to their low iron endowments at birth (primarily due to large litter sizes), and their rapid growth combined with the low iron levels in sow milk. Thus, piglets consistently become iron deficient within days of birth which rapidly progresses to anaemia in the absence of iron supplementation. Moreover, like humans, pigs are omnivorous and share many characteristics of human gut physiology, microbiota and immunity. In addition, their precocial nature permits early maternal separation, individual housing, and tight control of nutritional intake. Here, we highlight the advantages of piglets as valuable and highly relevant models for human infants in promoting understanding of how early iron status impacts physiological development. We also indicate how piglets offer potential to unravel the complexities of microbiota-immune responses during iron deficiency and in response to iron supplementation, and the link between these and increased risk of infectious disease

Integrated nutrient management for rice-wheat cropping system in a recently reclaimed soil

A field experiment was conducted for integrated nutrient management in a recently reclaimed soil. For thispurpose a saline sodic field was selected at soil salinity research farm having ECe, 7.40 (dS m-1); pHs, 8.90; SAR,38.26 (mmol L-1)½ and gypsum requirement, 3.52 (ton acre-1); deficient in total nitrogen (0.017%) and availablephosphorus (4.20 mg kg-1) and medium in extractable K (90 mg kg-1). This field was reclaimed by applying gypsumat 100% G.R. After reclamation, different combinations of FYM, Sesbania and chemical fertilizers were applied.The experiment was layed out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice variety Shaheenbasmati was transplanted. The data showed that different combinations of organic manures with chemical fertilizersincreased paddy and straw yield significantly over application of organic manures alone. Among differentcombinations, Sesbania at 20 ton ha-1 + 75% recommended dose (R.D.) proved to be the best combination followedby Sesbania 20 ton ha-1 + 50% R.D. and least in FYM alone at 20 ton ha-1. It was also noted that sesbania greenmanuring alone was found superior to FYM alone. The NPK contents both in paddy and straw were increasedsignificantly by applying various combinations of organic manures with chemical fertilizers over application oforganic manures. Maximum contents of NPK both in paddy and straw of rice were recorded in the combination ofSesbania at 20 ton ha-1 + 75% R.D. followed by Sesbania 20 ton ha-1 + 50% R.D. and least in FYM alone at 20 tonha-1.The soil analysis after harvest of rice showed that it was still slightly sodic in nature but free from salinity,deficient in total N and available P but adequate in extractable K. After harvest of rice crop in the same layoutwheat variety Inqulab 91 was sown. Percent recommended dose of NPK was applied to all the plots as per treatmentplan to see the residual effect of the organic manures applied to rice crop. Crop was harvested at maturity. Theresults of grain and straw yield showed that different combinations of organic manures (residual) and chemicalfertilizers increased grain and straw yield significantly over alone application of organic manures (residual).Recommended dose of chemical fertilizers alone applied to wheat gave the maximum yield of grain and strawfollowed by combinations of FYM at 20 ton ha-1 + 75% R.D (residual) which was non significant with FYM 20 tonha-1 + 50% R.D (residual) combination and least in FYM and Sesbania alone at 20 ton ha-1 (residual). The NPKcontents both in grain and straw were increased significantly by applying various combinations of organic manures(residual) and chemical fertilizers over alone application of organic manures (residual). Maximum contents of NPKboth in grain and straw of wheat were recorded in the combination of seabania at 20 ton ha-1 (residual) + 75% R.D.followed by Sesbania at 20 ton ha-1 + 50% R.D. and least in alone Sesbania and FYM (residual) treatments. Soilanalysis after harvest of wheat showed that salinity/ sodicity parameters of the soil decreased, while fertility statusof the soil improved further