Hybrid remote quantum dot/powder phosphor designs for display backlights

Quantum dots are ideally suited for color conversion in light emitting diodes owing to their spectral tunability, high conversion efficiency and narrow emission bands. These properties are particularly important for display backlights; the highly saturated colors generated by quantum dots justify their higher production cost. Here, we demonstrate the benefits of a hybrid remote phosphor approach that combines a green-emitting europium-doped phosphor with red-emitting CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots. Different stacking geometries, including mixed and separate layers of both materials, are studied at the macroscopic and microscopic levels to identify the configuration that achieves maximum device efficiency while minimizing material usage. The influence of reabsorption, optical outcoupling and refractive index-matching between the layers is evaluated in detail with respect to device efficiency and cost. From the findings of this study, general guidelines are derived to optimize both the cost and efficiency of CdSe/CdS and other (potentially cadmium-free) quantum dot systems. When reabsorption of the green and/or red emission is significant compared to the absorption strength for the blue emission of the pumping light emitting diode, the hybrid remote phosphor approach becomes beneficial

RODENT CONTROL PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

None of the so-called developing countries has an adequate rodent control program at present. In only a few of these countries is any rodent control research occurring despite the fact that rodent problems are actually quite serious in many regions and potentially so in others. Expertise, techniques and materials from the developed countries are of limited usefulness because of major differences in rodent species involved, standards for food handling and sanitation, and in the cultural contexts in which rodent control must occur. Trained personnel, both for control work and the basic research needed, are in very short supply. In addition, rodent control is frequently a low priority item in the generally meager budgets of developing countries. To date international agencies, foreign aid programs and foundations have had very limited success in altering this situation, although at present there is an upsurge of interest in rodent control problems

Brushed in Light

Drawing on a millennia of calligraphy theory and history, Brushed in Light examines how the brushed word appears in films and in film cultures of Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and PRC cinemas. This includes silent era intertitles, subtitles, title frames, letters, graffiti, end titles, and props. Markus Nornes also looks at the role of calligraphy in film culture at large, from gifts to correspondence to advertising. The book begins with a historical dimension, tracking how calligraphy is initially used in early cinema and how it is continually rearticulated by transforming conventions and the integration of new technologies. These chapters ask how calligraphy creates new meaning in cinema and demonstrate how calligraphy, cinematography, and acting work together in a single film. The last part of the book moves to other regions of theory. Nornes explores the cinematization of the handwritten word and explores how calligraphers understand their own work

Through a glass, less darkly? Reassessing convergent and divergent validity in measures of implicit self-esteem

Self-esteem has been traditionally assessed via self-report (explicit self-esteem: ESE). However, the limitations of self-report have prompted efforts to assess self-esteem indirectly (implicit self-esteem: ISE). It has been theorized that ISE and ESE reflect the operation of largely distinct mental systems. However, although low correlations between measures of ISE and ESE empirically support their discriminant validity, similarly low correlations between different measures of ISE do not support their convergent validity. We explored whether such patterns would reemerge if more recently developed, specific, and reliable ISE measures were used. They did, although some convergent validity among ISE measures emerged once confounds resulting from conceptual mismatch, individual differences, and random variability were minimized. Nonetheless, low correlations among ISE measures are not primarily caused by the usual psychometric suspects, and may be the result of other factors including subtle differences between structural features of such measures

Frontal Metabolite Concentration Deficits in Opiate Dependence Relate to Substance Use, Cognition, and Self-Regulation.

ObjectiveProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in opiate dependence showed abnormalities in neuronal viability and glutamate concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Metabolite levels in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and their neuropsychological correlates have not been investigated in opiate dependence.MethodsSingle-volume proton MRS at 4 Tesla and neuropsychological testing were conducted in 21 opiate-dependent individuals (OD) on buprenorphine maintenance therapy. Results were compared to 28 controls (CON) and 35 alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC), commonly investigated treatment-seekers providing context for OD evaluation. Metabolite concentrations were measured from ACC, DLPFC, OFC and parieto-occipital cortical (POC) regions.ResultsCompared to CON, OD had lower concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), creatine +phosphocreatine (Cr) and myo-Inositol (mI) in the DLPFC and lower NAA, Cr, and mI in the ACC. OD, ALC, and CON were equivalent on metabolite levels in the POC and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration did not differ between groups in any region. In OD, prefrontal metabolite deficits in ACC Glu as well as DLPFC NAA and choline containing metabolites (Cho) correlated with poorer working memory, executive and visuospatial functioning; metabolite deficits in DLPFC Glu and ACC GABA and Cr correlated with substance use measures. In the OFC of OD, Glu and choline-containing metabolites were elevated and lower Cr concentration related to higher nonplanning impulsivity. Compared to 3 week abstinent ALC, OD had significant DLPFC metabolite deficits.ConclusionThe anterior frontal metabolite profile of OD differed significantly from that of CON and ALC. The frontal lobe metabolite abnormalities in OD and their neuropsychological correlates may play a role in treatment outcome and could be explored as specific targets for improved OD treatment

Centre d’études sur la Chine moderne et contemporaine

Yoshio Abé Anthropologie comparée d’une céréale asiatique majeure : le riz Afin de nous permettre d’utiliser des connaissances biologiques sur le riz comme outils d’analyse ethnologiques, géographiques et historiques, notre séminaire a été consacré en particulier à l’enseignement des connaissances de base portant sur l’ethnobotanique et l’agrobotanique du riz ; en cas de nécessité et à titre de comparaison, d’autres céréales ont été aussi traitées. Ainsi les thèmes principalement abordés fure..

Les nouvelles figures de l’entrepreneuriat au Cameroun

Cette étude s’interroge sur la trajectoire dans laquelle les activités des nouvelles figures de l’entrepreneuriat les situent. L’attention se porte sur un phénomène lui-même émergent dont l’effectivité est encore matière à débat dans nombre de pays africains, notamment la traite des enfants (Child trafficking). La réflexion s’est faite à partir de l’expérience des intermédiaires de cette transaction et des employeursdu produit, c’est-à-direles enfants, ainsi écoulé. L’on est en présence de deux logiques en contradiction. Pendant que la société entend protéger l’enfant pour assurer sa pérennité, les entrepreneurs de la traite s’ingénient à l’introduire dans des circuits d’exploitation avec la volonté d’en faire une marchandise. L’article a pour enjeu, d’abord de décrire le trafic desenfants en portant davantage l’attention sur les déplacements des intermédiaires de l’enrôlement desenfants jusqu’à leur placement auprès des employeurs. Ensuite on s’intéressera à la mise en valeur des enfants par les employeurs auprès de qui ils sont placés. Dans une perspectivecomparative,on analyse aussi les incidences de la traite pour les diverses catégories engagées de manière à mettre en lumière les bénéficiaires. Enfin, on s’emploiera à remonter aux sources du phénomène.This study reflects on the trajectory in which the activities of new figures of entrepreneurship are to be found. Attention is focused on an emerging phenomenon that is making the news in many African countries, namely the trafficking of children. It starts from the experience of the intermediaries in such transactions and of those who seek the product, the children. There are two contradictory logics here. While society aims to protect the child to ensure its own continuity, the entrepreneurs in the field of child trafficking are exploiting them for financial gain. The article describes the trafficking of children by focusing on the movement of the intermediaries through to the recruitment of children and their placement with employers. From a comparative point of view, the article analyzes the incidences of child trafficking for the different categories involved in order to clarify who the beneficiaries are