4,533 research outputs found
Productive restructuring and the reallocation of work and employment: a survey of the “new” forms of social inequality
O propósito do presente artigo consiste
em questionar a inevitabilidade dos processos de
segmentação e precarização das relações de trabalho
e emprego, responsáveis pela inscrição de
“novas” formas de desigualdade social que alicerçam
o actual modelo de desenvolvimento das economias
e sociedades. Visa-se criticar os limites da
lógica econômica e financeira, de contornos globais,
que configuram um “novo espírito do capitalismo”,
ou seja, uma espécie de divinização da
ordem natural das coisas. Impõe-se fazer, por isso,
um périplo analítico pelas transformações em curso
no mercado de trabalho, acompanhado pela vigilância
epistemológica que permita enquadrar e
relativizar as (di)visões neoliberais e teses tecnodeterministas
dominantes. A perspectivação de cenários
sobre o futuro do trabalho encerrará este
périplo, permitindo-nos alertar para os condicionalismos
histórico-temporais, para a urgência de
se desocultar o que de ideológico e político existe
nas actuais lógicas de racionalização e para os
processos de ressimbolização do trabalho e emprego
enquanto “experiência social central” na
contemporaneidade.The scope of this paper is to question
the inevitability of the processes of segmentation
and increased precariousness of the relations
of labor and employment, which are responsible
for the introduction of “new” forms of
social inequality that underpin the current model
of development of economies and societies. It
seeks to criticize the limits of global financial and
economic logic, which constitute a “new spirit of
capitalism,” namely a kind of reverence for the
natural order of things. It is therefore necessary
to conduct an analytical survey of the ongoing
changes in the labor market, accompanied by epistemological
vigilance which makes it possible to
see neoliberal (di)visions and dominant technodeterministic
theses in context. The enunciation
of scenarios on the future of work will conclude
this survey and will make it possible to draw attention
to both the historical and temporal constraints
and to the urgent need to unveil what is
ideological and political in the prevailing logic of
rationalization and processes to reinstate work
and employment as a “central social experience”
in contemporary times
3D human skin bioprinting: a view from the bio side
Based on the 3D printing technologies and the concepts developed in tissue engineering during the last decades, 3D bioprinting is emerging as the most innovative and promising technology for the generation of human tissues and organs. In the case of skin bioprinting, thanks to the research process carried out during the last years, interfollicular skin has been printed with a structural and functional quality that paves the way for clinical and industrial applications. This review analyzes the present achievements and the future improvements that this area must bring about if bioprinted skin is to become widely used. We have made an effort to integrate the technological and the biological/biomedical sides of the subject.We thank the Spanish Fundación Ramón Areces for its continuous support.
This work was partially supported by grant DPI2014-61887-EXP from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
libNeuroML and PyLEMS: using Python to combine procedural and declarative modeling approaches in computational neuroscience.
NeuroML is an XML-based model description language, which provides a powerful common data format for defining and exchanging models of neurons and neuronal networks. In the latest version of NeuroML, the structure and behavior of ion channel, synapse, cell, and network model descriptions are based on underlying definitions provided in LEMS, a domain-independent language for expressing hierarchical mathematical models of physical entities. While declarative approaches for describing models have led to greater exchange of model elements among software tools in computational neuroscience, a frequent criticism of XML-based languages is that they are difficult to work with directly. Here we describe two Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) written in Python (http://www.python.org), which simplify the process of developing and modifying models expressed in NeuroML and LEMS. The libNeuroML API provides a Python object model with a direct mapping to all NeuroML concepts defined by the NeuroML Schema, which facilitates reading and writing the XML equivalents. In addition, it offers a memory-efficient, array-based internal representation, which is useful for handling large-scale connectomics data. The libNeuroML API also includes support for performing common operations that are required when working with NeuroML documents. Access to the LEMS data model is provided by the PyLEMS API, which provides a Python implementation of the LEMS language, including the ability to simulate most models expressed in LEMS. Together, libNeuroML and PyLEMS provide a comprehensive solution for interacting with NeuroML models in a Python environment
Experimental demonstration of a universally valid error-disturbance uncertainty relation in spin-measurements
The uncertainty principle generally prohibits determination of certain pairs
of quantum mechanical observables with arbitrary precision and forms the basis
of indeterminacy in quantum mechanics. It was Heisenberg who used the famous
gamma-ray microscope thought experiment to illustrate this indeterminacy. A
lower bound was set for the product of the measurement error of an observable
and the disturbance caused by the measurement. Later on, the uncertainty
relation was reformulated in terms of standard deviations, which focuses solely
on indeterminacy of predictions and neglects unavoidable recoil in measuring
devices. A correct formulation of the error-disturbance relation, taking recoil
into account, is essential for a deeper understanding of the uncertainty
principle. However, the validity of Heisenberg's original error-disturbance
uncertainty relation is justifed only under limited circumstances. Another
error-disturbance relation, derived by rigorous and general theoretical
treatments of quantum measurements, is supposed to be universally valid. Here,
we report a neutron optical experiment that records the error of a
spin-component measurement as well as the disturbance caused on another
spin-component measurement. The results confirm that both error and disturbance
completely obey the new, more general relation but violate the old one in a
wide range of an experimental parameter.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, Nature Physics (in press
- …