Enzymatic digestion of calf fleshing meat by-products: Antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of protein hydrolysates, and identification of fatty acids

open7noThis research was funded by Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, National Project Cluster Agrifood SO.FI.A. (SOstenibilità della FIliera Agroalimentare) (2013–2017, Grant Number CTN01_00230_450760).The food waste reduction through an efficient recovery of its valuable building molecules has become an important topic with a positive effect on the economy and the environment. In this work, the revalorization of slaughterhouse calf fleshing meat through its enzymatic hydrolysis is proposed. The proteolytic activity of 11 enzymes was initially screened and the four most efficient enzymes (papain, trypsin, pancreatin, and bromelain) were selected. The molecular profiling of the different protein/peptide fractions by the Linear Trap Quadrupole-OrbiTrap technique showed compositional differences due to the specificity of the enzymes’ cleavage sites. In order to find a potential reuse of these hydrolysates, the analysis of antioxidant and, for the first time on fleshing meat hydrolysates, of anti-tyrosinase activities, was performed. Papain-digested samples were those showing the highest inhibition activity of tyrosinase enzyme (55.6%) as well as the highest antioxidant activity (3.52 g TEAC/L). In addition, the composition analysis of the lipid fraction was performed. The mono-unsaturated fatty acids resulted to be the most abundant lipid in all the samples with the exception of pancreatin-treated hydrolysates in which poly-unsaturated fatty acids were predominant. The present results seemed to support a possible valorization of isolated fractions from calf fleshing by-products, as food or feed ingredients, by the implementation of fraction isolation within the meat-processing pipeline.openTedeschi T.; Anzani C.; Ferri M.; Marzocchi S.; Caboni M.F.; Monari S.; Tassoni A.Tedeschi T.; Anzani C.; Ferri M.; Marzocchi S.; Caboni M.F.; Monari S.; Tassoni A

Tube-jack testing for irregular masonry walls: Regular masonry wall testing

This paper presents the continued development of a novel non-destructive testing method termed tube-jack testing. The goal of the tube-jack system is to provide an enhanced and less destructive method than traditional flatjack testing for determination of mechanical characteristics and local stress states in irregular masonrywalls. Single tubejack testswere performed, using previously developed rubber tube-jacks, in regular masonry walls of granite and cementlimemortar. A traditional flat-jack test was also performed in the same masonry wall. Conclusions suggest that tube-jacks are successful in applying pressure to the masonry at low stress states.The authors would like to acknowledge the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, which supported this research work as a part of the Project “Improved and innovative techniques for the diagnosis and monitoring of historical masonry”, PTDC/ECM/104045/2008

Partnership Encounters in Literature(s), Poetry and Voices from Other Worlds

The academic bulk of this year’s Blue Gum contains texts in both English and Italian. Out of fourteen articles, seven are in Italian and seven in English. They all scrutinise and illuminate a diversity of relevant literary works under the lens of the biocultural partnership-domination theory (Eisler 1987). The literary texts in this issue range from the ancient to the contemporary, from ‘canon’ to post-decolonial literature, in a joyful variety of interrelated recurrences, connections and encounters. William Shakespeare, Walter Scott, Doris Lessing, Ursula Le Guin, Bram Stoker, David Malouf and Jean Rhys are just few of the many writers tackled by our invited authors

Robust color segmentation through adaptive color distribution transformation

Color segmentation is typically the first step of vision processing for a robot operating in a colorcoded environment, such as RoboCup soccer, and many object recognition modules rely on that. Although many approaches to color segmentation have been proposed, in the official games of the RoboCup Four Legged League manual calibration is still preferred by most of the teams. In this paper we present a method for color segmentation that is based on an adaptive transformation of the color distribution of the image. In contrast with standard color space transformations that are applied constantly on all the images, in our approach the transformation is dynamically computed depending on the current image (i.e., it adapts to condition changes) and then it is used for color segmentation with static thresholds. The method requires the setting of only a few parameters and has been proved to be very robust to noise and light variations, allowing for setting parameters only once (e.g., when arriving at the competition site). The approach has been implemented on AIBO robots, extensively tested in our laboratory, and successfully experimented in the some of the games of the Four Legged League in RoboCup 2005.

I piani di Gambino: un grande laboratorio durato 35 anni

I piani di Gambino: un grande laboratorio durato 35 ann

Enzymatic digestion of calf fleshing meat by-products: Antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of protein hydrolysates, and identification of fatty acids

The food waste reduction through an efficient recovery of its valuable building molecules has become an important topic with a positive effect on the economy and the environment. In this work, the revalorization of slaughterhouse calf fleshing meat through its enzymatic hydrolysis is proposed. The proteolytic activity of 11 enzymes was initially screened and the four most efficient enzymes (papain, trypsin, pancreatin, and bromelain) were selected. The molecular profiling of the different protein/peptide fractions by the Linear Trap Quadrupole-OrbiTrap technique showed compositional differences due to the specificity of the enzymes’ cleavage sites. In order to find a potential reuse of these hydrolysates, the analysis of antioxidant and, for the first time on fleshing meat hydrolysates, of anti-tyrosinase activities, was performed. Papain-digested samples were those showing the highest inhibition activity of tyrosinase enzyme (55.6%) as well as the highest antioxidant activity (3.52 g TEAC/L). In addition, the composition analysis of the lipid fraction was performed. The mono-unsaturated fatty acids resulted to be the most abundant lipid in all the samples with the exception of pancreatin-treated hydrolysates in which poly-unsaturated fatty acids were predominant. The present results seemed to support a possible valorization of isolated fractions from calf fleshing by-products, as food or feed ingredients, by the implementation of fraction isolation within the meat-processing pipeline