WPŁYW BIOMASY WSIEWEK MIĘDZYPLONOWYCH I SŁOMY NA PLON ORAZ WARTOŚĆ ODŻYWCZĄ BULW ZIEMNIAKA

The paper presents the results of research carried out over 2001-2003 which aimed at describing the influence of undersown crops and spring barley straw fertilization on chemical composition of table potato tubers. Two factors were examined. I - undersown crops fertilization: control variant (without undersown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, black medic (Medicago lupulina), black medic (Medicago lupulina) + Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). II – straw fertilization (subblock without straw, subblock with straw). Obtained results allow to conclude that, fertilization with mixture of black medic with Italian ryegrass and black medic in combinations without straw or with straw in terms of size and quality of yield of potato tubers it equals or it even exceeds the farmyard manure fertilization. The increase of starch, vitamin C and true protein content in comparison with control variant was noted in potato tubers fertilizerd with undersown crops biomass and straw.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2001-2003 mające na celu określenie wpływu nawożenia wsiewkami międzyplonowymi i słomą jęczmienia jarego na skład chemiczny bulw ziemniaka jadalnego. W doświadczeniu badano dwa czynniki. Pierwszy czynnik – nawożenie wsiewką międzyplonową: obiekt kontrolny (bez nawożenia wsiewką), obornik, lucerna chmielowa, lucerna chmielowa + życica wielokwiatowa, życica wielokwiatowa. Drugi czynnik – nawożenie słomą: podblok bez słomy, podblok ze słomą. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, iż nawożenie mieszanką lucerny chmielowej z życicą wielokwiatową oraz lucerną chmielową w kombinacjach bez słomy lub ze słomą pod względem wielkości i jakości plonu bulw ziemniaka dorównuje, a nawet przewyższa nawożenie obornikiem. Wzrost zawartości skrobi, witaminy C i białka właściwego w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym odnotowano w bulwach ziemniaka nawożonego biomasą wsiewek międzyplonowych i słomą

WPŁYW BIOMASY WSIEWEK MIĘDZYPLONOWYCH I SŁOMY NA PLON ORAZ WARTOŚĆ ODŻYWCZĄ BULW ZIEMNIAKA

The paper presents the results of research carried out over 2001-2003 which aimed at describing the influence of undersown crops and spring barley straw fertilization on chemical composition of table potato tubers. Two factors were examined. I - undersown crops fertilization: control variant (without undersown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, black medic (Medicago lupulina), black medic (Medicago lupulina) + Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). II – straw fertilization (subblock without straw, subblock with straw). Obtained results allow to conclude that, fertilization with mixture of black medic with Italian ryegrass and black medic in combinations without straw or with straw in terms of size and quality of yield of potato tubers it equals or it even exceeds the farmyard manure fertilization. The increase of starch, vitamin C and true protein content in comparison with control variant was noted in potato tubers fertilizerd with undersown crops biomass and straw.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2001-2003 mające na celu określenie wpływu nawożenia wsiewkami międzyplonowymi i słomą jęczmienia jarego na skład chemiczny bulw ziemniaka jadalnego. W doświadczeniu badano dwa czynniki. Pierwszy czynnik – nawożenie wsiewką międzyplonową: obiekt kontrolny (bez nawożenia wsiewką), obornik, lucerna chmielowa, lucerna chmielowa + życica wielokwiatowa, życica wielokwiatowa. Drugi czynnik – nawożenie słomą: podblok bez słomy, podblok ze słomą. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, iż nawożenie mieszanką lucerny chmielowej z życicą wielokwiatową oraz lucerną chmielową w kombinacjach bez słomy lub ze słomą pod względem wielkości i jakości plonu bulw ziemniaka dorównuje, a nawet przewyższa nawożenie obornikiem. Wzrost zawartości skrobi, witaminy C i białka właściwego w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym odnotowano w bulwach ziemniaka nawożonego biomasą wsiewek międzyplonowych i słomą

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERCROPS AND FARMYARD MANURE FERTILIZATION IN CHANGEABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS ON CONSUMPTION VALUE OF POTATO TUBERS

The paper presents the results of research carried out over 1999-2002 with the aims to determine the influence of intercrops and farmyard manure fertilization on consumption value of potato tubers in changeable weather conditions. The following combinations of intercrops fertilization were taken into account: the control plot (without intercrop fertilization), farmyard manure, undersown crop (birdsfoot trefoil, birdsfoot trefoil + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass), stubble crop (oleiferous radish, oleiferous radish – mulch). The results pointed that, the conditions of vegetation period, significantly modified the consumption values of potato tubers. The consumption value of potato tubers which were fertilized with intercrops was formed on approximated level, as the potato which was fertilized with farmyard manure. The best consumption features, especially taste, had potatoes which were fertilized with birdsfoot trefoil and with the mixture of birdsfoot trefoil and Italian ryegrass

Activity and functional diversity of microbial communities in long-term hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminated soils

The impacts of long-term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal pollution on soil microbial communities functioning were studied in soils taken from an old coke plant. The concentrations of PAHs in the tested soils ranged from 171 to 2137 mg kg-1. From the group of tested heavy metals, concentrations of lead were found to be the highest, ranging from 57 to 3478 mg kg-1, while zinc concentrations varied from 247 to 704 mg kg-1 and nickel from 10 to 666 mg kg-1. High dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were observed in the most contaminated soil. This may indicate bacterial adaptation to long-term heavy metal and hydrocarbon contamination. However, the Community Level Physiological Profiles (CLPPs) analysis showed that the microbial functional diversity was reduced and influenced to a higher extent by some metals (Pb, Ni), moisture and conductivity than by PAHs

Effects of pulp and Na-bentonite amendments on the mobility of trace elements, soil enzymes activity and microbial parameters under ex situ aided phytostabilization

The objective of this study was to explore the potential use of pulp (by-product) from coffee processing and Na-bentonite (commercial product) for minimizing the environmental risk of Zn, Pb and Cd in soil collected from a former mine and zinc-lead smelter. The effects of soil amendments on the physicochemical properties of soil, the structural and functional diversity of the soil microbiome as well as soil enzymes were investigated. Moreover, biomass of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (cultivar Asterix) and the uptake of trace elements in plant tissues were studied. The outdoor pot set contained the following soils: control soil (initial), untreated soil (without additives) with grass cultivation and soils treated (with additives) with and without plant development. All of the selected parameters were measured at the beginning of the experiment (t0), after 2 months of chemical stabilization (t2) and at the end of the aided phytostabilization process (t14). The obtained results indicated that both amendments efficiently immobilized the bioavailable fractions of Zn (87-91%) and Cd (70-83%) at t14; however, they were characterized by a lower ability to bind Pb (33-50%). Pulp and Na-bentonite drastically increased the activity of dehydrogenase (70- and 12-fold, respectively) at t14, while the activities of urease, acid and alkaline phosphatases differed significantly depending on the type of material that was added into the soil. Generally, the activities of these enzymes increased; however, the increase was greater for pulp (3.5-6-fold) than for the Na-bentonite treatment (1.3-2.2-fold) as compared to the control. Soil additives significantly influenced the composition and dynamics of the soil microbial biomass over the experiment. At the end, the contribution of microbial groups could be ordered as follows: gram negative bacteria, fungi, gram positive bacteria, actinomycetes regardless of the type of soil enrichment. Conversely, the shift in the functional diversity of the microorganisms in the treated soils mainly resulted from plant cultivation. Meanwhile, the highest biomass of plants at t14 was collected from the soil with Na-bentonite (6.7 g dw-1), while it was much lower in a case of pulp treatment (1.43-1.57 g dw-1). Moreover, the measurements of the heavy metal concentrations in the plant roots and shoots clearly indicated that the plants mainly accumulated metals in the roots but that the accumulation of individual metals depended on the soil additives. The efficiency of the accumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn by the roots was determined to be 124, 100 and 26% higher in the soil that was enriched with Nabentonite in comparison with the soil that was amended with pulp, respectively. The values of the soil indices (soil fertility, soil quality and soil alteration) confirmed the better improvement of soil functioning after its enrichment with the pulp than in the presence of Na-bentonite

Mammary gland anatomy and the role of mammography and ultrasonography in the early diagnostics of breast cancer. A case report

Progress in imaging techniques has brought a solution to the problem of the early diagnosis of breast cancer. An interesting case of breast cancer is presented here, pictures of the malignant tumour are demonstrated and the usefulness of new diagnostic methods analysed. The presentation of this case may contribute to greater effectiveness in early breast cancer detection

A combination of bacterial products and cover crops as an innovative method of weed control in organic spring barley

Field research was conducted at Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in 2019–2021. The objective was to determine the effects of bacterial formulations and cover crops on the biomass, number and species composition of dominating weeds prior to spring barley harvest. The field trial involved two factors: A – bacterial formulations: I – control, II – nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azospirillum lipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum), III – nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azospirillum lipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum) + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria ( Bacillus megaterium var, phosphaticum, Arthrobacter agilis), IV – nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Azotobacter chroococcum) + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) ( Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens); B – cover crops: control without a cover crop, red clover, red clover + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass. Spring barley was harvested in late July. Weed samples were collected just before harvest to determine the fresh and dry matter of weeds as well as their number and species composition. The research demonstrated conclusively that an application of bacterial products combined with cover crops contributed to a significant reduction in the weight and number of weeds including dominating species such as Chenopodium album, Sinapis arvensis, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Elymus repens. Superior weed control was achieved in spring barley grown in combination with Azotobacter chroococcum + PGPR and a mixture of red clover and Italian ryegrass as a cover crop

Bacterial urinary tract infections in children with neurogenic bladder — a single-center report

Wstęp. Neurogenna dysfunkcja pęcherza moczowego jest istotnym czynnikiem ryzyka zakażeń układu moczowego (ZUM). Znajomość etiologii ZUM u dzieci z pęcherzem neurogennym pozwala na wybór właściwej terapii empirycznej i bardziej efektywne leczenie. Cel pracy. Analiza patogenów bakteryjnych wywołujących ZUM u dzieci z pęcherzem neurogennym oraz ocena ich lekowrażliwości. Materiał i metody. Analizie retrospektywnej poddano dokumentację medyczną 38 dzieci z pęcherzem neurogennym, hospitalizowanych z powodu ZUM w Klinice Nefrologii Dziecięcej UM w Lublinie w latach 2009–2013. Wyniki. Najczęstszym czynnikiem etiologicznym ZUM w badanej grupie była Escherichia coli. Zaobserwowano dodatnią korelację pomiędzy częstością ZUM a wiekiem pacjentów oraz zależność pomiędzy rodzajem patogenów a wiekiem i płcią. Potwierdzono istotność problemu antybiotykooporności. Wnioski. Zakażenia układu moczowego (ZUM) u dzieci z pęcherzem neurogennym mają charakter nawrotowy, a wiodącym patogenem jest Escherichia coli.Introduction. Neurogenic bladder is one of the most important risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTI). Knowledge about current etiological factors of UTI in children with neurogenic bladder enables to select the appropriate empiric therapy and more effective treatment. Aim of the study. The occurrence and drug sensitivity of pathogens causing UTI in children with neurogenic bladder were analyzed. Material and methods. Medical records of children with neurogenic bladder treated for UTI in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin between 2009 and 2013 were studied. Results. Positive correlation between age and incidence of UTI in children with neurogenic bladder was observed. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli. There were differences in the occurrence of pathogens in relation to age and gender. Analysis of antibiograms indicated the increasing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conclusions. Children with neurogenic bladder are susceptible to recurrent UTI. The most common pathogen is Escherichia coli

Drug sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in children — a single-center report

Wstęp. Zakażenie układu moczowego (ZUM) to jedno z najczęściej występujących zakażeń bakteryjnych u dzieci. Nawracające epizody ostrego bakteryjnego śródmiąższowego zapalenia nerek sprzyjają rozwojowi nefropatii pozapalnej, a w przyszłości przewlekłej choroby nerek. Znajomość lekowrażliwości najczęstszych bakterii wywołujących ZUM u dzieci pozwala na wybór właściwej terapii empirycznej i bardziej efektywne leczenie.   Cel badania. Analiza epidemiologiczna bakterii wywołujących ZUM u dzieci oraz ocena ich lekowrażliwości. Materiał i metody. Analizie retrospektywnej poddano dokumentację medyczną 251 dzieci hospitalizowanych z powodu ZUM w Klinice Nefrologii Dziecięcej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie w latach 2009–2013. Pacjentów podzielono na trzy grupy: A — hospitalizowani w latach 2009–2010, B — hospitalizowani w latach 2011–2012 i C — hospitalizowani w roku 2013.   Wyniki. Ogółem obserwowano 425 epizodów ZUM. We wszystkich badanych grupach dominowały zakażenia wywołane pr zez Escherichia coli. Stwierdzono statystycznie istotny wzrost w częstości występowania Enterococcus spp. Wykazano istotny spadek wrażliwości Escherichia coli na cefuroksym. Szczepy Klebsiella spp. charakteryzowały się istotnym spadkiem lekowrażliowści na kotrimoksazol oraz na amoksycylinę z kwasem klawulanowym. W przypadku Proteus spp. stwierdzono istotny spadek wrażliwości na nitrofurantoinę oraz wzrost oporności na kotrimoksazol. Szczepy Pseudomonas aeruginosa wykazały istotny spadek wrażliwości na ceftazydym i cyprofloksacynę.    Wnioski. 1.Głównym patogenem wywołującym ZUM u dzieci jest Escherichia coli.  2. Większość z najczęściej izolowanych bakterii zwiększyło swoją oporność na nitrofurantoinę i kotrimoksazol, które są powszechnie stosowane w profilaktyce ZUM. 3. Znajomość lokalnej charakterystyki bakterii wywołujących ZUM oraz ich lekowrażliwości ma znaczenie przy wyborze właściwej terapii empirycznej.Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infection in children. Recurrent acute bacterial interstitial nephritis is likely to result in post-inflammatory nephropathy which may be followed by chronic kidney disease. Knowledge about current etiological factors of UTI in children and their sensitivity to drugs enables to select the appropriate empiric therapy and more effective treatment. Objectives. The occurrence of pathogens causing UTI in children and their sensitivity to drugs were analyzed. Material and methods. Medical records of children with UTI hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin in 2009–2013 were studied. Results. In all children, Escherichia coli was the most common invading pathogen. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of infection with Enterococcus spp. A significant decrease in sensitivity of Escherichia coli to cefuroxime was shown. Strains of Klebsiella spp. were characterized by a significant decrease in sensitivity to co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. In Proteus spp. case, a significant decrease in sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and significant increase in resistance to co-trimoxazole were demonstrated. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed a significant decrease in sensitivity to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. Conclusions. 1. In all children, Escherichia coli was the most common invading pathogen. 2. The majority of bacteria, which are most commonly isolated, increased their resistance to drugs widely used in the prevention of UTI i.e. nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole.