SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL EMAS MENGGUNAKAN MATRIKS BENTONIT SEBAGAI MATERIAL PEREDAM RADIKAL BEBAS DALAM KOSMETIK (SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE USING A MATRIX OF BENTONITE IN SCAVENGING FREE RADICALS IN COSMETICS)

Abstrak. Penelitian sintesis dan karakterisasi nanopartikel emas dengan menggunakan matriks bentonit sebagai material peredam radikal bebas dalam kosmetik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ukuran nanopartikel emas dengan matriks bentonit dan perbedaan kemampuan emas dalam meredam radikal bebas. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental. Konsentrasi HAuCl4 yang digunakan adalah 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 ppm. Untuk mengetahui morfologi nanopartikel emas dengan matriks bentonit digunakan uji dengan SEM, kemudian untuk mengetahui ukuran nanopartikel emas yang dominan dan perbedaan kemampuan emas dalam meredam radikal bebas digunakan uji Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Sintesis nanopartikel emas dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap  yaitu pembuatan larutan induk HAuCl4, preparasi matriks bentonit, sintesis nanopartikel emas. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan dari uji SEM morfologi permukaan nanopartikel emas yang terdispersi pada permukaan matriks bentonit. Dari uji Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis didapatkan ukuran nanopartikel emas yang dominan  dengan variasi kosentrasi 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 ppm yaitu tidak diketahui, 17,96, 7,01, 7,98, 8,73 nm, dengan persen peredaman 72,17, 72,55, 73,80, 78,45, dan 88,96%. Hasil ini menunjukkan konsentrasi HAuCl4 pada rentang 5 sampai 25 ppm masih mempunyai ukuran cluster yang hampir sama dan semakin besar konsentrasi nanopartikel emas maka semakin meningkat persen peredaman. Kata Kunci: sintesis, nanopartikel emas, bentonit, radikal bebas. Abstract. Research synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using bentonite matrix as a scavenging free radical materials in cosmetics. The purpose of this study to determine the size of the gold nanoparticles to the matrix of bentonite and differences in the ability of gold to scavenging free radicals. This type of research uses experimental method. HAuCl4 concentrations used were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm. To determine the morphology of gold nanoparticles with the matrix of bentonite used SEM to test with, and then to determine the size of the gold nanoparticles are dominant and to know the difference of the gold used to reduce free radicals in the test Uv-Vis spectrophotometer. The research was carried out in several stages, namely, the manufacture of the mother liquor HAuCl4, bentonite matrix preparation, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The results obtained from test SEM surface morphology of gold nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of bentonite matrix .. Of Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer test found that the dominant size of gold nanoparticles with various concentrations of 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 ppm is not known, 17.96, 7.01, 7.98, 8.73 nm, the percent reduction of gold nanoparticles 72.17, 72.55, 73.80, 78.45, 88.96%.These results indicate the concentration of HAuCl4 in the range of 5 to 25 ppm still have a similar cluster size and the greater the concentration of gold nanoparticles per cent reduction is increasing as well. Key Word: synthesis, gold nanoparticles, bentonite, DPP

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL EMAS MENGGUNAKAN MATRIKS BENTONIT SEBAGAI MATERIAL PEREDAM RADIKAL BEBAS DALAM KOSMETIK (SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLE USING A MATRIX OF BENTONITE IN SCAVENGING FREE RADICALS IN COSMETICS)

Abstrak. Penelitian sintesis dan karakterisasi nanopartikel emas dengan menggunakan matriks bentonit sebagai material peredam radikal bebas dalam kosmetik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui ukuran nanopartikel emas dengan matriks bentonit dan perbedaan kemampuan emas dalam meredam radikal bebas. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental. Konsentrasi HAuCl4 yang digunakan adalah 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 ppm. Untuk mengetahui morfologi nanopartikel emas dengan matriks bentonit digunakan uji dengan SEM, kemudian untuk mengetahui ukuran nanopartikel emas yang dominan dan perbedaan kemampuan emas dalam meredam radikal bebas digunakan uji Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Sintesis nanopartikel emas dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap  yaitu pembuatan larutan induk HAuCl4, preparasi matriks bentonit, sintesis nanopartikel emas. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan dari uji SEM morfologi permukaan nanopartikel emas yang terdispersi pada permukaan matriks bentonit. Dari uji Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis didapatkan ukuran nanopartikel emas yang dominan  dengan variasi kosentrasi 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 ppm yaitu tidak diketahui, 17,96, 7,01, 7,98, 8,73 nm, dengan persen peredaman 72,17, 72,55, 73,80, 78,45, dan 88,96%. Hasil ini menunjukkan konsentrasi HAuCl4 pada rentang 5 sampai 25 ppm masih mempunyai ukuran cluster yang hampir sama dan semakin besar konsentrasi nanopartikel emas maka semakin meningkat persen peredaman. Kata Kunci: sintesis, nanopartikel emas, bentonit, radikal bebas. Abstract. Research synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using bentonite matrix as a scavenging free radical materials in cosmetics. The purpose of this study to determine the size of the gold nanoparticles to the matrix of bentonite and differences in the ability of gold to scavenging free radicals. This type of research uses experimental method. HAuCl4 concentrations used were 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm. To determine the morphology of gold nanoparticles with the matrix of bentonite used SEM to test with, and then to determine the size of the gold nanoparticles are dominant and to know the difference of the gold used to reduce free radicals in the test Uv-Vis spectrophotometer. The research was carried out in several stages, namely, the manufacture of the mother liquor HAuCl4, bentonite matrix preparation, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The results obtained from test SEM surface morphology of gold nanoparticles dispersed on the surface of bentonite matrix .. Of Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer test found that the dominant size of gold nanoparticles with various concentrations of 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 ppm is not known, 17.96, 7.01, 7.98, 8.73 nm, the percent reduction of gold nanoparticles 72.17, 72.55, 73.80, 78.45, 88.96%.These results indicate the concentration of HAuCl4 in the range of 5 to 25 ppm still have a similar cluster size and the greater the concentration of gold nanoparticles per cent reduction is increasing as well. Key Word: synthesis, gold nanoparticles, bentonite, DPP

PERCEPTIONS OF MSME ACTORS TOWARDS DISCLOSURE OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTS (CASE STUDY ON MSME BONTOLOE, TAKALAR DISTRICT)

This study aims to examine differences in the perceptions of MSME actors on sustainability reporting disclosures. This difference in perception will be tested on environmentally sensitive MSMEs and non-environmentally sensitive MSMEs. Differences in the perceptions of MSME actors will then be tested on the compliance aspect; aspects of understanding sustainability; sustainable corporate governance aspects; aspects of political, environmental and social sustainability performance; and aspects of the economic performance of SMEs. The research population is the research sample used, consisting of 120 MSME actors consisting of 10 service MSMEs and 110 non-service MSMEs. The research data was processed using SPSS 25. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in aspects of sustainable understanding, aspects of political, environmental and social sustainability performance, and aspects of economic performance between environmentally sensitive MSMEs and non-environmentally sensitive MSMEs, but there were no differences significantly to the compliance aspect and sustainable corporate governance aspects.This study aims to examine differences in the perceptions of MSME actors on sustainability reporting disclosures. This difference in perception will be tested on environmentally sensitive MSMEs and non-environmentally sensitive MSMEs. Differences in the perceptions of MSME actors will then be tested on the compliance aspect; aspects of understanding sustainability; sustainable corporate governance aspects; aspects of political, environmental and social sustainability performance; and aspects of the economic performance of SMEs. The research population is the research sample used, consisting of 120 MSME actors consisting of 10 service MSMEs and 110 non-service MSMEs. The research data was processed using SPSS 25. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in aspects of sustainable understanding, aspects of political, environmental and social sustainability performance, and aspects of economic performance between environmentally sensitive MSMEs and non-environmentally sensitive MSMEs, but there were no differences significantly to the compliance aspect and sustainable corporate governance aspects

Efficient Calculation and Visualization of Energy Grade Line (EGL) and Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) in Fluid Flow Systems

The goal of this project is to use MATLAB software to efficiently calculate and visually represent the Energy Grade Line (EGL) and Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) in fluid flow systems. This work serves as a practical showcase of our how MATLAB can be used to make Bernoulli calculations in the realm of civil engineering. In addition, the incorporation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers the potential to further enhance the design and analysis of fluid flow systems. The Energy Grade Line (EGL) holds a vital position in fluid mechanics, acting as a representation of a fluid's energy as it moves through a conduit. This blend of pressure, velocity, and elevation energy provides crucial insights into the behavior and characteristics of the fluid throughout its course. For engineers, the EGL is an essential tool, aiding in the analysis of fluid flow systems, identification of energy losses, and optimization of hydraulic structures. Furthermore, the Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) represents another critical concept in fluid mechanics, graphically illustrating the pressure head of fluid along a specified route. It offers a clear depiction of energy distribution within a fluid flow system, accounting for the sum of pressure and elevation heads. Engineers heavily rely on the HGL to inspect pressure fluctuations, detect potential issues like pressure drops or excessive velocities, and make informed decisions to ensure fluid flow's efficiency and reliability. Thorough testing and implementation revealed that, with precise configuration of the MATLAB environment code, our code achieves high accuracy calculations for Energy Grade Line (EGL) and Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) values. This setup also enables the generation of clear graphical representations, providing engineers with a reliable and visually accessible graph for fluid flow system analysis