Desarrollo Comunitario: Tras una catástrofe: EL TERREMOTO DE ARMENIA- COLOMBIA (1999).

ESTE TRABAJO TIENE COMO PRINCIPAL OBJETIVO ANALIZAR LA SITUACIÓN SOCIAL Y ECONÓMICA DE LA CIUDAD ARMENIA-COLOMBIA DESPUÉS DEL TERREMOTO DEL AÑO 1999. EL CUAL DEJO UNA CIUDAD CASI SIN RECURSOS,VIVIENDAS,PARQUES,INFRAESTRUCTURAS,ENTRE OTROS. DESTACAR LA DIFICULTAD QUE LOS TRABAJADORES SOCIALES, PROFESIONALES, Y VOLUNTARIOS TUVIERON PARA INTERVENIR EN ESTOS CASOS, NO SOLO POR EL SISMO COMO TAL,SINO POR LOS DIFERENTES FACTORES QUE POSTERIORMENTE SE SUMARON AL GESTIONAR LOS RECURSOS QUE DISPONÍAN EN ESOS MOMENTOS. POR OTRO LADO, CONOCER COMO RESURGIÓ LA CIUDAD DESPUÉS DEL CAOS,AFRONTANDO DIVERSOS RETOS, APROVECHANDO LOS RECURSOS GASTRONÓMICOS,CULTURALES Y BIENES TURÍSTICOS QUE EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL QUINDÍO HA DISFRUTADO POR MUCHOS AÑOS. Y RECALCAR COMO HOY DÍA SE CONOCE LA CIUDAD DE ARMENIA COMO "LA CIUDAD MILAGRO".<br /

Caracterización de un compuesto de polipropileno y polietileno para la producción de ladrillos en muros no estructurales

This paper investigates the feasibility of using recycled plastic composed of polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), as a basis for the fabrication of plastic bricks for non-structural walls starting from the material characterization. The deformation properties of plastic bricks were evaluated under the application of compression, flexural and traction forces; the thermal analysis of the material was carried out by means of the ignition test, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and its water ab-sorption capacity was also tested. Satisfactory results were obtained in the tests carried out; It was found that the compressive strength of the material complies with the requirements of standard specifications for conventional bricks (clay - concrete), and the physicochemical properties of the composite meet specifications of material for use in non-structural walls; which makes it an innovative material with enormous potential for use in the construction sector.Este artículo investiga la viabilidad en el uso de plástico reciclado compuesto de polipropileno (PP) y polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE), como base para la generación de ladrillos en muros no estructurales a partir de la caracterización del material. Se evaluaron las propiedades a deformación bajo la aplicación de esfuerzos de compresión, flexión y tracción; se determinó la resistencia al fuego del material mediante el ensayo de inflamabilidad, y se evalúo su capacidad de absorción de agua. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios en los ensayos realizados; se encontró que la resistencia a la compresión del material cumple con los requisitos exigidos en la norma de ladrillos convencionales (arcilla - concreto), y las propiedades físico- químicas del compuesto cumple como material para el uso en muros no estructurales; lo que lo convierte en un material innovador y con un enorme potencial en el sector de la construcción

COVID-19 infection in symptomatic pregnant women at the midpoint of the pandemic in Spain: a retrospective analysis

Objectives: Determine the strengths and weakness of a symptomatic screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women. Analyzethe clinical presentation, management, and outcomes. Design: Descriptive retrospective observational study. Setting:Mancha-Centro Hospital (Spain).Material and methods: Population: Symptomatic pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Between the 12thof March and 17th of April 2020, all the symptomatic pregnancies were screened with diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2. Datacollection was done by reviewing the medical records and telephone interviews. Main outcome measures: Clinical characteristics,management, treatment, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes.Results: Twenty patients with positive COVID-19 diagnostic test out of thirty-four suspected. The most common symptomswere fever (70%), cough (65%) and myalgia (35%). A unique symptom of presentation in 20% of cases. COVID-19 pneumoniawas diagnosed in 30% by chest X-ray and one case had pulmonary embolism associated diagnosed by CT-Scan. Thromboprophylaxiswas indicated in 16 out of 20 patients. Eight women finished their pregnancy during the observation period.Type of birth: 25% natural birth, 12.5% assisted vaginal delivery and 62.5% caesarean section. We had three severe cases,two of them with intensive care support. All neonates had negative test for COVID 19 infection.Conclusions: We recommend universal screening of all pregnant woman for COVID-19 during the pandemic because ofthe limits of the symptomatic screening seen in this studio and the ratio of asymptomatic pregnancies with positive testfor COVID-19 recently published

Phytotoxic and dissuasive activity of Chihuahua desert plants

With the purpose of finding plant compounds with the potential use as herbicides and insecticides, a research was realized with the objective of evaluate the phytotoxic and dissuasive activity of four Chihuahua desert plants. The phytotoxic activity evaluation was tested on Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne, while the dissuasive activity was realized on three species of phytophagous insects: Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Spodoptera littoralis. Raw extracts were used, the solvents hexane, methanol and ethanol of different plants’ organs (root, steam, leaf and flower) of four species: Fouquieria splendens (ocotillo), Larrea tridentate (governor), Astragalus mollissimus (wild grass) and Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (echo), by the establishment of in vitro bioassays at a concentration of 10 mg/ml extract/solvent. In the toxicity bioassay, the percentage of germination, root and leaf length were measured. The results showed that the leaf extract of L. tridentata had phytotoxic activity for L. sativa, while for L. perenne the phytotoxicity was observed within the ocotillo, governor and echo extracts. In the dissuasive bioassay, each treatment had 20 repetitions with 10 adult insects per repetition. The methanolic extracts of F. splendens leaf and root, ethanolic extract of A. mollisimus sheet and the ethanolic extract of P. pecten-aboriginum stems showed moderate dissuasive response of feeding against M. persicae, presenting a settlement inhibition index of 53.53, 54.35, 60.00 and 48.84% respectively. Nevertheless, the results indicated that none of the 10 extracts tested on S. littoralis showed significant dissuasive properties for this Lepidoptera, while for R. padi all the tested extracts presented dissuasive properties. The treatments of the four vegetable species evaluated showed defensive or dissuasive properties of moderate to strong feeding against the insects M. persicae and R. padi, presenting interesting potential for being used as insecticides, while the tested extracts that presented phytotoxicity for both lettuce and ryegrass present possibilities for the realization of herbicides

RENTABILIDAD DEL NOGAL PECANERO BAJO SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE MEDIANA TECNOLOGÃA EN DELICIAS, CHIHUAHUA

Pecans (Carya Illinoinensis [Wangenh] K. Koch) are a native food of North America and represent a high economic crop value in the north of Mexico, mainly in the state of Chihuahua, the biggest pecan nut producer in this country. The goal of this study was to evaluate the profitability of pecan orchards in the municipality of Delicias, Chihuahua. Some microeconomic and market information from 2008 were collected from pecan growers and specialists through the technique of Experts' Panel. Standard financial analysis and a Monte Carlo simulation model were used to evaluate the probabilities of risk for net cash income (NCI) and return on capital employed (RCE). The NCI obtained was $277,000 and RC 111.7%, indicating that pecan orchards show high profitability when is produced under medium-technology conditions in the municipality of Delicias, Chihuahua.Carya Illinoinensis, production costs, Monte Carlo simulation., Agribusiness,

ANÃLISIS FODA Y PERSPECTIVAS DEL CULTIVO DEL NOGAL PECANERO EN CHIHUAHUA

Pecan production is one of the most important crops in our country. It not only has an economical capacity as a generator of foreign currency, but also for the social context in which it develops its production. Most of the pecan growers have small sized orchards, but at the same time, there are few pecan growers with large sized orchards that use modern technology. The objective of this study is to present a SWOT analysis of the pecan system and to describe the contexts in which it is produced and commercialized, as well as the main characteristics and problems that appear in pecan production, as well as the prediction of its future under current production and management conditions.WOTS-UP analysis, pecan system, production and commercialization., Agribusiness,

Generalidades de la Farmacovigilancia

Cuando nos referimos al termino farmacovigilancia describimos una acción para hablar de la prevención y riesgos de los medicamentos en los seres humanos y para evitar los gastos económicos con relación a los efectos adversos no esperados, también se refiere a las características de las mismas que se pueden presentar en el día a día, esto quiere decir que la farmacovigilancia es aquella encargada de evaluar, contar e identificar la prevención de todos los riesgos en el uso de cualquier medicamento, este seguimiento o evaluación que se le hace a los medicamentos es para que se garantice su seguridad y efectividad. El ente que se ocupa de estudiar detectar y prevenir los posibles efectos adversos de los medicamentos también es el encargado de detectar señales de alerta de estos posibles efectos adversos, en Colombia, estos responsables son las autoridades sanitarias que pueden ser estatales, comunitarias y autonómicas. El INVIMA (Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos) además de dirigir, coordinar, controlar y evaluar las actividades relacionadas con la adquisición, almacenamiento, custodia, distribución e inventario de los elementos,es el encargado de la recolección de datos para realimentar un sistema de información sobre los efectos adversos de los medicamentos y así evitar riesgos futuros, gracias a ésta organización los errores encontrados en la comercialización y en la distribución de los medicamentos ha tenido una disminución favorable, y los responsables o encargados de la autorización comercial son el personal sanitario como los médicos, los farmacéuticos, los enfermeros y los odontólogos.When we refer to the term pharmacovigilance, it describes an action to talk about the prevention and risks of drugs in human beings, and to avoid economic expenses in relation to unexpected adverse effects, it also refers to the characteristics of the same that can occur on a day-to-day basis, this means that pharmacovigilance is responsible for evaluating, counting and identifying the prevention of all risks in the use of any medication, this monitoring or evaluation that is done to medications is for that its safety and effectiveness be guaranteed. The person in charge of detecting warning signs of these possible opposite effects, in Colombia, these responsible are the health authorities that can be state, community and autonomous. In addition to directing, coordinating, controlling and evaluating the activities related to the acquisition, storage, custody, distribution and inventory of the elements, INVIMA (national institute for the surveillance of medicines and food) is in charge of collecting data to feed back a information system on the adverse effects of drugs and thus avoid risks, thanks to this organization the errors found in the marketing and distribution of these have had a favorable decrease, and those responsible or in charge of commercial authorization and health personnel are the doctors, pharmacists, nurses and dentists

Parasites in Mexican patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study

One hundred and fifteen patients with symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome III criteria and 209 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms different from IBS (control) were identified through medical records from the Gastroenterology Clinic of the "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez General Hospital" from January 2008 to March 2010. No statistical differences in IBS data as compared with control groups were observed except in bloating, that was more frequent in the IBS group (P = 0.043). Although the pathogenicity of specific intestinal protozoa could not be demonstrated due to lack of association with the development of gastrointestinal symptoms, Blastocystis spp, in the IBS group, exhibited a trend of association to diarrhoea (odds ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.84-8.80, P = 0.053), while having any parasite and diarrhoea was significant (odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.33-8.57, P = 0.008). The association between Blastocystis and diarrhoea in IBS patients although not conclusive is an interesting finding; nonetheless more extensive case-controlled studies are required to clearly define the role of some "non-pathogenic" parasites in intestinal disease and IBS

Plan de mercadeo para el lanzamiento de un nuevo producto “FRUTIMIEL”

El presente plan de mercadeo de Frutimiel se desarrollo con el fin de identificar la viabilidad para el lanzamiento de un producto natural e innovador a un segmento de mercado definido a partir de investigaciones previas. Se busca que el consumidor utilice el producto como sustituto en relación con los productos endulzantes artificiales, al igual que se pretende brindar la información necesaria y relevante sobre los momentos de consumo de Frutimiel a nuestros potenciales consumidores y así incrementar la demanda del producto. El mercado de la miel de abejas en Colombia no ha sido explotado de forma efectiva, las fincas apícolas tienen una producción baja debido a la falta de recursos financieros y tecnológicos que permitan un adecuado desarrollo del sector, sumado a estos antecedentes tenemos el poco desarrollo del mercado por el bajo consumo, sin embargo en el nuevo milenio se identifican tendencias conductuales que conllevan a reemplazar el consumo de productos sintéticos por naturales, recuperando así la importancia de la ingesta de uno de los néctares más antiguos y nobles: la miel

Plan de mercadeo para el lanzamiento de un nuevo producto “FRUTIMIEL”

El presente plan de mercadeo de Frutimiel se desarrollo con el fin de identificar la viabilidad para el lanzamiento de un producto natural e innovador a un segmento de mercado definido a partir de investigaciones previas. Se busca que el consumidor utilice el producto como sustituto en relación con los productos endulzantes artificiales, al igual que se pretende brindar la información necesaria y relevante sobre los momentos de consumo de Frutimiel a nuestros potenciales consumidores y así incrementar la demanda del producto. El mercado de la miel de abejas en Colombia no ha sido explotado de forma efectiva, las fincas apícolas tienen una producción baja debido a la falta de recursos financieros y tecnológicos que permitan un adecuado desarrollo del sector, sumado a estos antecedentes tenemos el poco desarrollo del mercado por el bajo consumo, sin embargo en el nuevo milenio se identifican tendencias conductuales que conllevan a reemplazar el consumo de productos sintéticos por naturales, recuperando así la importancia de la ingesta de uno de los néctares más antiguos y nobles: la miel