NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are effectors and regulators of innate immunity and tissue modeling and repair. Researchers have identified subsets of ILCs with differing functional activities, capacities to produce cytokines and transcription factors required for development and function. Natural killer (NK) cells represent the prototypical member of the ILC family. Together with ILC1s, NK cells constitute group 1 ILCs, which are characterized by their capacity to produce interferon-γ and their functional dependence on the transcription factor T-bet. NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share so many features that they are difficult to distinguish, particularly under conditions of infection and inflammation. Here we review current knowledge of NK cells and the various ILC1 subset

See Yourself Write: A Simple Student Model to Make Students Think

This paper introduces See Yourself Write, a system with two components: (1) a template for tutors to provide feedback to their students on their foreign language writing, and (2) an inspectable student model which is automatically constructed for each student, based on the feedback given by the teacher. The student model holds feedback given to students across several assignments, and provides an individual evaluation of their performance. The model is designed to be viewed by the students to prompt them to reflect on and use the feedback received