Eruption style at Kīlauea Volcano in Hawaiʻi linked to primary melt composition

Explosive eruptions at basaltic volcanoes have been linked to gas segregation from magmas at shallow depths in the crust. The composition of primary melts formed at greater depths is thought to have little influence on eruptive style. Primary melts formed at ocean island basaltic volcanoes are probably geochemically diverse because they are often associated with melting of a heterogeneous plume source in the mantle. This heterogeneous primary melt composition, and particularly the content of volatile gases, will profoundly influence magma buoyancy, storage and eruption style. Here we analyse the geochemistry of a suite of melt inclusions from 25 historical eruptions at the ocean island volcano of K¯ılauea, Hawai’i, over the past 600 years.We find that more explosive styles of eruption at K¯ılauea Volcano are associated statistically with more geochemically enriched primary melts that have higher volatile concentrations. These enriched melts ascend faster and retain their primary nature, undergoing little interaction with the magma reservoir at the volcano’s summit. We conclude that the eruption style and magma-supply rate at K¯ılauea are fundamentally linked to the geochemistry of the primary melts formed deep below the volcano. Magmas might therefore be predisposed towards explosivity right at the point of formation in their mantle source region

Application of the effective formula of growth functional to quantitative description of growth of plant cells

An effective formula describing expansive plant growth is derived from the modified Lockhart/Ortega-type equation. Its applicability is demonstrated on selected experimental data extracted from available literature. Quantitative information about the “diffusion rate” (k 2) of the growth factors is obtained for two different model species in plant science: Arabidopsis thaliana L. belongs to the dicots and Zea mays L. belongs to the monocots. It is shown that the value of the diffusion rate may be useful in comparing different datasets and serve as a measure of reproducibility of standard measurements. Analysis of the formula and fits allows to identify and suggest a set of criteria for reporting future experiments, which would improve comparability and reproducibility of the results

Katla volcano, Iceland: magma composition, dynamics and eruption frequency as recorded by Holocene tephra layers

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