Analysis of battery current microcycles in autonomous renewable energy systems

Battery currents in autonomous renewable energy systems (RES) are generally predicted or measured in terms of mean values over intervals of 1 min or longer. As a result, battery charge-discharge cycles with periods less than the averaging period are ignored, and the actual battery ampere hour (A h) throughput and resulting battery wear may be seriously underestimated, leading to optimistic prediction of battery lifetime. This paper considers short charge-discharge cycles or microcycles, arising from the characteristics of autonomous renewable energy systems, including generators, regulators, loads, and load inverter. Simulation results are used to show that inverters operating directly from the battery can cause microcycles, resulting in significantly increased battery throughput. Initial experimental results of the effects of microcycles on battery capacity and charging characteristics, and the contributing processes, are discussed

Data and code for "A microfluidics platform for combinatorial drug screening on cancer biopsies"

Version of the code and data used in the paper. Corresponding Github repository https://github.com/saezlab/BraDiPlu

Multiple images of a highly magnified supernova formed by an early-type cluster galaxy lens

In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We report the discovery of such a system. In Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we have found four images of a single supernova forming an Einstein cross configuration around a redshift z = 0.54 elliptical galaxy in the MACS J1149.6+2223 cluster. The cluster's gravitational potential also creates multiple images of the z = 1.49 spiral supernova host galaxy, and a future appearance of the supernova elsewhere in the cluster field is expected. The magnifications and staggered arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of matter in the galaxy and cluster lenses