Conceptual and Visual Features Contribute to Visual Memory for Natural Images

We examined the role of conceptual and visual similarity in a memory task for natural images. The important novelty of our approach was that visual similarity was determined using an algorithm [1] instead of being judged subjectively. This similarity index takes colours and spatial frequencies into account. For each target, four distractors were selected that were (1) conceptually and visually similar, (2) only conceptually similar, (3) only visually similar, or (4) neither conceptually nor visually similar to the target image. Participants viewed 219 images with the instruction to memorize them. Memory for a subset of these images was tested subsequently. In Experiment 1, participants performed a two-alternative forced choice recognition task and in Experiment 2, a yes/no-recognition task. In Experiment 3, testing occurred after a delay of one week. We analyzed the distribution of errors depending on distractor type. Performance was lowest when the distractor image was conceptually and visually similar to the target image, indicating that both factors matter in such a memory task. After delayed testing, these differences disappeared. Overall performance was high, indicating a large-capacity, detailed visual long-term memory

Purinergic signalling and immune cells

This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current understanding. It is now recognised that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides are released from cells following stress or injury. They can act on virtually all subsets of immune cells through a spectrum of P2X ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Furthermore, ATP is rapidly degraded into adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, and adenosine exerts additional regulatory effects through its own receptors. The resulting effect ranges from stimulation to tolerance depending on the amount and time courses of nucleotides released, and the balance between ATP and adenosine. This review identifies the various receptors involved in the different subsets of immune cells and their effects on the function of these cells

Innovation, Transmedia and Neuroscience in Television

[Abstract] This chapter explains how the physiology of the human brain affects the way fiction products are processed and how emotions have become the most efficient vehicle for transmitting information on transmedia platforms. Understanding this can improve the development and profitability of audio visual products. The way in which humans process information is analysed, before reflecting on the value of emotions as a way of transmitting information in stories. The way in which emotions are applied in televisual and transmedia productions has been reviewed. Finally, the role of digitalisation as a source of innovation is explored, as it enables the creation of non-linear, organic transmedia works that enrich the television experience and provide emotional experiences to the audience. Organic transmedia projects, such as Norwegian production Skam, will be used to illustrate the findings in this chapte

Fairness and intentionality in children’s decision-making

Theory of mind, Fairness, Decision-making, Development, D81, D84,