Comprehensive spatiotemporal transcriptomic analyses of the ganglionic eminences demonstrate the uniqueness of its caudal subdivision.

The elucidation of mechanisms underlying telencephalic neural development has been limited by the lack of knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular aspects of the ganglionic eminence (GE), an embryonic structure that supplies the brain with diverse sets of GABAergic neurons. Here, we report a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of this structure including its medial (MGE), lateral (LGE) and caudal (CGE) subdivisions and its temporal dynamics in 12.5 to 16 day-old rat embryos. Surprisingly, comparison across subdivisions showed that CGE gene expression was the most unique providing unbiased genetic evidence for its differentiation from MGE and LGE. The molecular signature of the CGE comprised a large set of genes, including Rwdd3, Cyp26b1, Nr2f2, Egr3, Cpta1, Slit3, and Hod, of which several encode cell signaling and migration molecules such as WNT5A, DOCK9, VSNL1 and PRG1. Temporal analysis of the MGE revealed differential expression of unique sets of cell specification and migration genes, with early expression of Hes1, Lhx2, Ctgf and Mdk, and late enrichment of Olfm3, SerpinE2 and Wdr44. These GE profiles reveal new candidate regulators of spatiotemporally governed GABAergic neuronogenesis

RUSSIAN-INDONESIAN COOPERATION: Past, Present and Development Prospect

The publication was carried out within the framework of a joint project of HSE University and the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR / Russia and the Republic of Indonesia. The project heads are Dr. Evgeny Kanaev (HSE University) and Dr. Dmitry Mosyakov (IOS RAS).Издание выполнено в рамках совместного проекта Национального исследовательского университета Высшая школа экономики и Института востоковедения РАН к 70-летию установления дипломатических отношений между СССР / Россией и Республикой Индонезия. Руководители проекта - Е.А. Канаев (НИУ ВШЭ) и Д.В. Мосяков (ИВ РАН)

CD9 Is Associated with Leukemia Inhibitory Factor-mediated Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cells

Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can proliferate indefinitely in an undifferentiated state in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or differentiate into all three germ layers upon removal of this factor. To determine cellular factors associated with self-renewal of undifferentiated ES cells, we used polymerase chain reaction-assisted cDNA subtraction to screen genes that are expressed in undifferentiated ES cells and down-regulated after incubating these cells in a differentiation medium without LIF for 48 h. The mRNA expression of a tetraspanin transmembrane protein, CD9, was high in undifferentiated ES cells and decreased shortly after cell differentiation. An immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that plasma membrane-associated CD9 was expressed in undifferentiated ES cells but low in the differentiated cells. Addition of LIF to differentiating ES cells reinduced mRNA expression of CD9, and CD9 expression was accompanied with a reappearance of undifferentiated ES cells. Furthermore, activation of STAT3 induced the expression of CD9, indicating the LIF/STAT3 pathway is critical for maintaining CD9 expression. Finally, addition of anti-CD9 antibody blocked ES cell colony formation and reduced cell viability. These results indicate that CD9 may play a role in LIF-mediated maintenance of undifferentiated ES cells