Natural and human-induced coastal dynamics at a back-barrier beach

This study contributes to the understanding of very low-energy fetch-limited environments by reporting the evolution of a back-barrier beach (Ancão Peninsula, southern Portugal). It considers two timescales: a large-scale evolution for the past 60 years based on aerial photograph analysis, and a small-scale beach evolution based on monthly topographic surveys performed during three years of monitoring. Each timescale revealed a different rate of evolution, the first reporting a modified beach response-type (from human activities), and the second reporting a natural beach response-type. Human activities caused significant changes in the back-barrier shore, whereas changes under natural forcing were much smaller, were less influential on the area's evolution, and were not sufficient to counteract or mask the consequences of human activities. The findings of the study should contribute to a better understanding about the large- and small- scale changes in other back-barriers characterised by similar very low-energy conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Safflower Oil: An Integrated Assessment Of Phytochemistry, Antiulcerogenic Activity, And Rodent And Environmental Toxicity

Gastric ulcers are a significant medical problem and the development of complications lead to significant mortality rates worldwide. In Brazil, Carthamus tinctorius L., Asteraceae, seeds essential oil, the safflower oil, is currently used as a thermogenic compound and as treatment for problems related to the cardiovascular system. In this study, by Raman spectroscopy, it was shown that oleic and linoleic acids are the compounds present in higher concentrations in the safflower oil. We demonstrated that safflower oil (750 mg/kg, p.o.) decrease the ulcerogenic lesions in mice after the administration of hydrochloric acid-ethanol. The gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in mice treated with cholinomimetics were treated with four different doses of safflower oil, of which, the dose of 187.5 mg/kg (p.o.) showed significant antiulcerogenic properties (p < 0.01). Moreover, the safflower oil at doses of 187.5 mg/kg (i.d.) increased the pH levels, gastric volume (p < 0.01) and gastric mucus production (p < 0.001), and decreased the total gastric acid secretion (p < 0.001). The acute toxicity tests showed that safflower oil (5.000 mg/kg, p.o.) had no effect on mortality or any other physiological parameter. Ecotoxicological tests performed using Daphnia similis showed an EC50 at 223.17 mg/l, and therefore safflower oil can be considered “non-toxic” based on the directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances by European legislation. These results indicate that the antiulcer activity of Safflower oil may be due to cytoprotective effects, which serve as support for new scientific studies related to this pathology.245538544ABNT, Ecotoxicologia aquatica: Toxicidade aguda-metodo de ensaio com (2004) Daphnia, 21p. , spp (Cladocera, Crustacea). NBR 12713, Rio de JaneiroAmandeep, K., Robin, S., Ramica, S., Sunil, K., Peptic ulcer: A review of etiology and pathogenesis (2012) Int. J. Clin. Pharm, 3, pp. 34-38Arakawa, T., Watanabe, T., Tanigawa, T., Tominaga, K., Fujiwara, Y., Morimoto, K., Quality of ulcer healing in gastrointestinal tract: Its pathophysiology and clinical relevance (2012) World J. Gastroenterol, 18, pp. 4811-4822Bae, C.S., Park, C.H., Cho, H.J., Han, H.J., Kang, S.S., Choi, S.H., Uhm, C.S., Therapeutic effects of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed powder on osteoporosis (2002) Korean J. Electron. Microscopy, 32, pp. 285-290Baeten, V., Dardenne, P., Aparicio, R., Interpretation of Fourier transform Raman spectra of the unsaponifiable matter in a selection of edible oils (2001) J. Agric. Food Chem, 49, pp. 5098-5107Brito, A.R.M.S., (1994) Manual de ensaios toxicologicos in vivo, 116p. , 1a ed., Campinas, Editora UnicampCEC, (1996) Technical guidance document in support of commission directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances, , Part II, environmental risk assessment. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg: Office for official publication of the European CommunitiesCorley, D.A., Kubo, A., Zhao, W., Quesenberry, C., Proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists are associated with hip fractures among at-risk patients (2010) Gastroenterol, 139, pp. 93-101Deplege, M., Pharmaceuticals: Reduce drug waste in the environment (2011) Nature, 36, p. 478Fent, K., Weston, A.A., Caminada, D., Ecotoxicology of human pharmaceuticals (2006) Aquat. Toxicol, 76, pp. 122-159George, P., Concerns regarding the safety and toxicity of medicinal plants-An overview (2011) J. Appl. Pharm. Sci, 1, pp. 40-44Gilbert, N., Drug-pollution law all washed up (2012) Nature, 491, pp. 503-504Isidori, M., Parrella, A., Pistillo, P., Temussi, F., Effects of ranitidine and its photoderivatives in the aquatic environment (2009) Environ. Intern, 35, pp. 821-825Jain, K.S., Shah, A.K., Bariwal, J., Shelke, S.M., Kale, A.P., Jagtap, J.R., Bhosale, A.V., Recent advances in proton pump inhibitors and management of acid-peptic disorders (2007) Bioorg. Med. Chem, 15, pp. 1181-1205Kim, S.K., Cha, J.Y., Jeong, S.J., Chung, C.H., Choi, Y.R., Cho, Y.S., Properties of the chemical composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) sprout (2000) Korean J. Life Sci, 10, pp. 68-73Madanick, R.D., Proton pump inhibitor side effects and drug interactions: Much ado about nothing? Cleve (2011) Clin. J. Med, 78, pp. 39-49Malfertheiner, P., Chan, F.K.L., McColl, K.E.L., Peptic ulcer disease (2009) Lancet, 374, pp. 1449-1461Mizui, T., Doteuchi, M., Effect of polyamines on acidified ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats (1983) Jpn. J. Pharmacol, 33, pp. 939-945Olfert, D., Cross, B.M., McWilliam, A.A., (1993) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animal, 213p. , Canadian Council on Animal Care, OntarioPintao, A.M., Da Silva, I.F., A verdade sobre o acafrao (2008) Workshop Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapeuticas nos Tropicos. IICT/CCCM, 29, pp. 30, 31. , de Outubro, 1-19Rainsford, K.D., The effects of aspirin and other non-steroid anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs on gastro-intestinal mucus glycoprotein biosynthesis in vivo: Relationship to ulcerogenic actions (1978) Biochem. Pharmacol, 27, pp. 877-885Rudolphi, S., Becker, H.C., Schierholt, A., Witzke-Ehbrecht, S.V., Improved estimation of oil, linoleic and oleic acid and seed hull fractions in safflower by NIRS.J (2012) Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 89, pp. 363-369Santos, L.H.L.M., Araujo, A.N., Fachinia, A., Pena, A., Delerue-Matos, C., Montenegro, M.C.B.S.M., Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment (2010) J. Hazard Mater, 175, pp. 45-95Saraf, A., Saraf, S., Legal regulations of complementary and alternative medicines in different countries (2012) Pharmacogn. Rev, 6, pp. 154-160Shay, H., Komarov, S.A., Fels, S.S., Meranze, D., Gruenstein, M., Siplet, H., A simple method for the uniform production of gastric ulceration in the rat (1945) Gastroenterol, 5, pp. 43-61Silveira, F.L., Silveira, L., Jr., Villaverde, A.B., Pacheco, M.T.T., Pasqualucci, C.A., Use of dispersive Raman Spectroscopy in the determination of unsaturated fat in commercial edible oil-and fat-containing industrialized foods (2010) Instrum. Sci. Technol, 38, pp. 107-123Silveira, L., Silveira, F.L., Bodanese, B., Zangaro, R.A., Pacheco, M.T.T., Discriminating model for diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and melanoma in vitro based on the Raman spectra of selected biochemicals (2012) J. Biomed. Opt, 17Stachowska, E., Dolegowska, B., Dziedziejk, V., Rybicka, M., Kaczmarczyh, M., Bober, J., Rac, M., Chlubek, D., Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis is regulated by conjugate linoleic acids (CLA) in human macrophages (2009) J. Physiol. Pharmacol, 60, pp. 77-85Sun, X.B., Matsumoto, T., Yamada, H., Effects of a polysaccharide fraction from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats and mice (1991) J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 43, pp. 669-704Szelenyi, I., Thiemer, K., Distention ulcer as a model for testing of drugs for ulcerogenic side effects (1978) Arch. Toxicol, 41, pp. 99-105Takeuchi, H., Matsuo, T., Tokuyama, K., Shimomura, Y., Suzuki, M., Diet-induced thermogenesis is lower in rats fed a lard diet than in those fed a high oleic acid safflower oil diet, a safflower oil diet or a linseed oil diet (1995) J. Nutr, 125, pp. 920-925US EPA, (2002) Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, 266p. , 5th ed. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-821-R-02-012Webb, S., A data-based perspective on the environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals I. collation of available ecotoxicity data and II. aquatic risk characterisation (2001) Pharmaceuticals in the environment sources, fate, effects and risks, pp. 175-230. , Kummerer K editor. 1st ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag pWHO, (1997) Adverse Drug Reaction Database, , World Health Organization, Uppsala Sweden. 36. Institute of Safe Medication Practices Medication Safety Alert. June 4, V 01. 2 No. llWHO, (2002) Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, , (Some Traditional Herbal Medicines), World Health Organization Vol. 82, IARC Press Lyon, FranceZapata-Colindres, J.C., Zepeda-Gomez, S., Montano-Loza, A., Jesus-Villalobos, J.E., Valdovinos-Andraca, F., The association of Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in peptic ulcer disease (2006) Can. J. Gastroenterol, 20, pp. 277-28

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters