6,152 research outputs found
Method of coating circuit paths on printed circuit boards with solder Patent
Solder coating process for printed copper circuit protectio
Spin glasses in the non-extensive regime
Spin systems with long-range interactions are "non-extensive" if the strength
of the interactions falls off sufficiently slowly with distance. It has been
conjectured for ferromagnets, and more recently for spin glasses, that,
everywhere in the non-extensive regime, the free energy is exactly equal to
that for the infinite range model in which the characteristic strength of the
interaction is independent of distance.
In this paper we present the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the
one-dimensional long-range spin glasses in the non-extensive regime. Using
finite-size scaling, our results for the transition temperatures are consistent
with this prediction. We also propose, and provide numerical evidence for, an
analogous result for diluted long-range spin glasses in which the coordination
number is finite, namely that the transition temperature throughout the
non-extensive regime is equal to that of the infinite-range model known as the
Viana-Bray model.Comment: 8 pages; corrected typos, additional background and references
relating to FSS correction
Finite-size scaling above the upper critical dimension
We present a unified view of finite-size scaling (FSS) in dimension d above
the upper critical dimension, for both free and periodic boundary conditions.
We find that the modified FSS proposed some time ago to allow for violation of
hyperscaling due to a dangerous irrelevant variable, applies only to k=0
fluctuations, and so there is only a single exponent eta describing power-law
decay of correlations at criticality, in contrast to recent claims. With free
boundary conditions the finite-size "shift" is greater than the rounding.
Nonetheless, using T-T_L, where T_L is the finite-size pseudocritical
temperature, rather than T-T_c, as the scaling variable, the data does collapse
on to a scaling form which includes the behavior both at T_L, where the
susceptibility chi diverges like L^{d/2} and at the bulk T_c where it diverges
like L^2. These claims are supported by large-scale simulations on the
5-dimensional Ising model.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure
Automation of preparation of nonmetallic samples for analysis by atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry
For a rapid preparation of solutions intended for analysis by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometry, an automatic device called Plasmasol was developed. This apparatus used the property of nonwettability of glassy C to fuse the sample in an appropriate flux. The sample-flux mixture is placed in a composite crucible, then heated at high temperature, swirled until full dissolution is achieved, and then poured into a water-filled beaker. After acid addition, dissolution of the melt, and filling to the mark, the solution is ready for analysis. The analytical results obtained, either for oxide samples or for prereduced iron ores show that the solutions prepared with this device are undistinguished from those obtained by manual dissolutions done by acid digestion or by high temperature fusion. Preparation reproducibility and analytical tests illustrate the performance of Plasmasol
Understanding and Affecting Student Reasoning About Sound Waves
Student learning of sound waves can be helped through the creation of
group-learning classroom materials whose development and design rely on
explicit investigations into student understanding. We describe reasoning in
terms of sets of resources, i.e. grouped building blocks of thinking that are
commonly used in many different settings. Students in our university physics
classes often used sets of resources that were different from the ones we wish
them to use. By designing curriculum materials that ask students to think about
the physics from a different view, we bring about improvement in student
understanding of sound waves. Our curriculum modifications are specific to our
own classes, but our description of student learning is more generally useful
for teachers. We describe how students can use multiple sets of resources in
their thinking, and raise questions that should be considered by both
instructors and researchers.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, 28 references, 7 notes. Accepted for
publication in the International Journal of Science Educatio
The role of sign in students' modeling of scalar equations
We describe students revising the mathematical form of physics equations to
match the physical situation they are describing, even though their revision
violates physical laws. In an unfamiliar air resistance problem, a majority of
students in a sophomore level mechanics class at some point wrote Newton's
Second Law as F = -ma; they were using this form to ensure that the sign of the
force pointed in a direction consistent with the chosen coordinate system while
assuming that some variables have only positive value. We use one student's
detailed explanation to suggest that students' issues with variables are
context-dependent, and that much of their reasoning is useful for productive
instruction.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, to be published in The Physics Teache
Low-temperature behavior of the statistics of the overlap distribution in Ising spin-glass models
Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study in detail the overlap distribution
for individual samples for several spin-glass models including the
infinite-range Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, short-range Edwards-Anderson
models in three and four space dimensions, and one-dimensional long-range
models with diluted power-law interactions. We study three long-range models
with different powers as follows: the first is approximately equivalent to a
short-range model in three dimensions, the second to a short-range model in
four dimensions, and the third to a short-range model in the mean-field regime.
We study an observable proposed earlier by some of us which aims to distinguish
the "replica symmetry breaking" picture of the spin-glass phase from the
"droplet picture," finding that larger system sizes would be needed to
unambiguously determine which of these pictures describes the low-temperature
state of spin glasses best, except for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model which
is unambiguously described by replica symmetry breaking. Finally, we also study
the median integrated overlap probability distribution and a typical overlap
distribution, finding that these observables are not particularly helpful in
distinguishing the replica symmetry breaking and the droplet pictures.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Electronic noise-free measurements of squeezed light
We study the implementation of a correlation measurement technique for the
characterization of squeezed light. We show that the sign of the covariance
coefficient revealed from the time resolved correlation data allow us to
distinguish between squeezed, coherent and thermal states. In contrast to the
traditional method of characterizing squeezed light, involving measurement of
the variation of the difference photocurrent, the correlation measurement
method allows to eliminate the contribution of the electronic noise, which
becomes a crucial issue in experiments with dim sources of squeezed light.Comment: submitted for publicatio
Finite-size critical scaling in Ising spin glasses in the mean-field regime
We study in Ising spin glasses the finite-size effects near the spin-glass
transition in zero field and at the de Almeida-Thouless transition in a field
by Monte Carlo methods and by analytical approximations. In zero field, the
finite-size scaling function associated with the spin-glass susceptibility of
the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick mean-field spin-glass model is of the same form as
that of one-dimensional spin-glass models with power-law long-range
interactions in the regime where they can be a proxy for the Edwards-Anderson
short-range spin-glass model above the upper critical dimension. We also
calculate a simple analytical approximation for the spin-glass susceptibility
crossover function. The behavior of the spin-glass susceptibility near the de
Almeida-Thouless transition line has also been studied, but here we have only
been able to obtain analytically its behavior in the asymptotic limit above and
below the transition. We have also simulated the one-dimensional system in a
field in the non-mean-field regime to illustrate that when the Imry-Ma droplet
length scale exceeds the system size one can then be erroneously lead to
conclude that there is a de Almeida-Thouless transition even though it is
absent.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
- …