Heart in anatomy history, radiology, anthropology and art

Background: Anthropologic, artistic and medical significance of heart inspired usto undertake this multidisciplinary study.Materials and methods: Amongst the 24 obtained echocardiograms and phonograms, 1 was used for a Photoshop processing. In addition, over 20,000 art work reproductions were examined in this study.Results: Artistic and symbolic presentation of heart started some 15,000 years ago. First heart models were made by the Egyptian and Olmec civilisations. Ancient cultures regarded heart as the seat of the soul, spirit and intelligence. First anatomical and artistic images of heart were created by Leonardo da Vinci in the15th century, and first wax models by the Italian anatomists in the 17th century. Mediaeval religious symbolism of heart was replaced in the Renaissance and later on mainly by its role in the romantic love. Anatomical heart art continued in the 18th and 19th centuries through the works of Sénac, Cloquet, Hirschfeldand Bourgery. Some modern artists, such as Dalí, Kahlo, Rivera, Warhol, Ivanjicki, Vital, Kober and Mastrlova, created the anatomical heart images or sculptures, whereas some others, such as Duchamp, Klee, Miró, Matisse and Dine, presented heart symbol in their artworks. New radiologic technologies produce fine images of heart, some of which are similar to the works of modern artists.Conclusions: Heart biology and symbolism have had a tremendous influence on our culture, including art and medical sciences. New radiologic techniques and computer technology have produced such images of heart, which substantially improved diagnosis, but also enhanced the heart aesthetics

GRADIENT OF MEAN MASS OF A STAR IN THE FIELD OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

SUMMARY: Based on the relevant available data, the distributions of masses and apparent magnitudes of stars belonging to globular star clusters are simulated. The simulations are aimed at examining the influence of the mass-segregation phenomenon on the surface-density profile. It is found that a minor correction should be introduced in order to infer the profile of the surface density from that of the surface brightness

On the density and surface brightness profiles in globular star clusters

A model of mass distribution, applicable to globular star clusters and proposed earlier, is reconsidered. It is shown that it can be related to the well-known Plummer-Schuster formula, and the equations yielding its dimensionless parameters are given. The corresponding surface density is calculated numerically. It is indicated that in a general case the surface density should not be proportional to the surface brightness and a more adequate formula relating these two quantities is proposed.

Astronomical society magellanic cloud

Astronomical society "Magellanic cloud" was founded on May 16, 2001 in the town of Prokuplje, Serbia, by A. Simonovic, A. Valjarevic, then students of geography at the University of Pristina, Z. Mijajlovic professor of mathematics, S. Segan, professor of astronomy, both of the University of Belgrade. In this paper we present. the activities of the Society in the popularization of astronomy and mathematics in Prokuplje and its vicinity. Also, the role of the Society in building the Astronomical station of the Astronomical observatory of Belgrade at. the mountain Vidojevica close to Prokuplje is described

Astronomical society magellanic cloud

Astronomical society "Magellanic cloud" was founded on May 16, 2001 in the town of Prokuplje, Serbia, by A. Simonovic, A. Valjarevic, then students of geography at the University of Pristina, Z. Mijajlovic professor of mathematics, S. Segan, professor of astronomy, both of the University of Belgrade. In this paper we present. the activities of the Society in the popularization of astronomy and mathematics in Prokuplje and its vicinity. Also, the role of the Society in building the Astronomical station of the Astronomical observatory of Belgrade at. the mountain Vidojevica close to Prokuplje is described

Additional file 1: of Influence of pharmacological education on perceptions, attitudes and use of dietary supplements by medical students

Dietary supplements questionnaire. The questionnaire used to examine participant perceptions and attitudes about DS as well as the use of DS. (DOCX 65 kb

Hydrogeothermal potentials of Rogozna mountain and possibility of their valorization

The subjects of this study are hydrogeothermal potentials of Rogozna mountain (Serbia) and possibility of their use. Thermo-mineral springs at the mountain’s foothill are the leftovers from an intensive volcanic activity during the Tertiary. The most famous and the most valuable ones are the springs in Novopazarska Spa, Banjska and in the village of Vuca, with a number of springs yet to be examined. The hydrogeothermal potential of these springs is significant, with the total thermal power of 4.6 MWt and the thermal energy of 145.4 TJ/year, but these could be greatly enlarged through the additional investigation in the interior of Rogozna. It is believed that the primary reservoir lies at the approximate depth of 2 km and that the water temperature is about 120∘C. In the area of Rogozna mountain there are a lot of thermomineral springs (TM) with outlet temperature between 30 and 54∘C. The main goal of this study is to determine the thermo-mineral capacity and energy potential in the area of three spas. This study allows the hypothesis that thermo-mineral springs in the area of Rogozna mountain have large potential. The researched area of Rogozna mountain is insufficiently investigated geo-space, which is rich in thermo-mineral springs. Thermal sources in Rogozna mountain produce heat power of 4.6MWt or 1.4% of heat power given by all the sources in Serbia. The waters of these springs are solely used for balneological and recreational purposes. Yet they could successfully be used in warming and cooling the space, for greenhouses in fruit, vegetable and flower production. In the end, all geospatial data with the help of GIS advanced techniques were digitized and visualized

Quantitative Geodiversity Assessment of the Fruška Gora Mt. (North Serbia) by Using the Geodiversity Index

The Fruška Gora Mt., as a dominant orographic complex in the Pannonian plain, was selected for a pioneer geodiversity quantification study area due to its unique geology and soil properties. The methodology is based on the geodiversity quantification assessment approach of Serrano and Ruiz-Flaño (Geogr Helv 62:140–147, 2007). It employed a 500 × 500 m grid approach on several maps (lithological, geomorphological, topographical, and pedological) at scales of 1:50.000 to 1:300.000, together with a 30-m resolution digital elevation model for deriving sub-indices and a topographic roughness. The geodiversity index values (Gd) indicate that the highest geodiversity sites are found on the north, north-east and south-western part of the investigated mountain: in steep-sided valleys, along the horst and loess cliffs facing the Danube River. The obtained results are compared with the already recognized in situ geosite location network. This approach can be applied in the given area for geoheritage protection, conservation, and promotion at different levels (from local to national level). Following the results of this study, the criteria for the definition of conservation areas with abiotic significance should be considered, as there is no legal protection of any kind for the areas with the highest geodiversity index values outside the National Park area. Also, it is a potentially effective tool for supporting decision-making processes regarding the management and conservation of natural areas or regions at different scales with further possible applications in Serbia and elsewhere in Europe

Influence of pharmacological education on perceptions, attitudes and use of dietary supplements by medical students

Abstracts Background The ready availability and use of dietary supplements (DS) by the public means that healthcare professionals require education in this area. In the Republic of Serbia, education related to use of DS is included in undergraduate medical training and it is therefore important to assess the effectiveness of this education. The aim of our survey was to investigate the influence of pharmacological education on the use, attitudes and perceptions of risks associated with DS among medical students. Methods Medical students at the University of Kosovska Mitrovica participated in the survey. Three hundred eighty questionnaires were distributed, yielding a response rate of 89% (n = 334). Data were categorized by year of study, completion of a one-year course in pharmacology and having passed the final exam. The results were compared between 192 (58%) medical students educated in pharmacology (MSEP) and 142 (42%) medical students not educated in pharmacology (MSNEP). The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts: socio-demographic and lifestyle/behavioral characteristics, use of DS, attitudes about efficacy, safety and perception of risk due to DS use. Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results About 53% of respondents used some form of DS. Attitudes regarding the safety of DS consumption showed a difference between the groups. MSEP were more likely to agree that DS have the potential to cause adverse reactions (Likert scale mean 4.1 vs. 3.5, p < 0.001) as well as interactions with conventional drugs (Likert scale mean 4.2 vs. 3.2, p < 0.001) than MSNEP. Finally, MSEP ranked St. John’s wort and ginkgo as the most dangerous DS, but creatine and vitamin C were both ranked as relatively safe. Conversely, MSNEP considered ginkgo and vitamin C the most harmful DS, claiming that omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D had the least hazardous side effects. Conclusion Our results showed that pharmacological education gives young medical students a better understanding of the risks of DS-drug interactions and potential adverse effects. However, their overall attitudes and perception of risk indicate the need for further education