ESTIMATION OF AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS IN PERM KRAI

The article reviews the problems of prevalence of diphyllobothriasis in Perm. Krai. The territories of risk on the diphyllobothriasis morbidity are revealed

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE TO CEPHALOSPORINS

Bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common and dangerous pathogens of human infectious diseases. The research of K. pneumoniae resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics (cephalosporins), which are widely used in anti-infective therapy, is very relevant. The aims of the work is to study K. pneumoniae resistance to cephalosporins. Fifty strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients (sputum, lavage liquid, blood) of Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital and sectional material in 2015 were examined. Resistance to four antibiotics (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime) was determined by disco-diffusion method. 56.0-62.0 % of K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to drugs of 111 generation cephalosporins; 58.0 % - to drug of 1Vgeneration (cefepime). Klebsiella strains showed the highest resistance to ceftazidime (resistance - 62.0 %; intermediate - 20.0 %). The spectrum of resistance to all four antibiotics was revealed in 52.0 % of strains, cross-resistance - in 64.0 %. The resistance of K. pneumoniae from the sectional material was higher than resistance of Klebsiella isolated from the organs and tissues of the patients. Klebsiella isolated from the lavage fluid more often (p < 0.05) showed resistance to cephalosporins compared to strains isolated from sputum. The research brought us to the conclusion that Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were characterized by a significant level of resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics (cephalosporins)

Bacteria Biofilms in Purulent-Septic Infections

The causative agents of many infectious diseases can exist in the form of biofilms. The aim of the work is to study of the frequency of occurrence and the degree of activity of biofilm formation of microorganisms isolated from different locus in purulent-septic infections.Materials and methods. Fifteen strains isolated from patients with purulent-septic infections were examined. Biofilms were determined by the ability to adsorption a crystalviolet to ethanol.Results. 73,3 ± 11,4 % strains had biofilms (including gram-negative bacteria – 69,2 ± 11,9 %; Staphylococcus – 100,0 %; p &lt; 0,05).The degree of activity of formation of biofilm by gram-negative bacteria was higher than Staphylococcus (0,302 ± 0,04 и 0,134 ± 0,01 units of optical density; p &lt; 0,01). The highest activity of formation of biofilm was detected in K. pneumoniae isolated from patients with sepsis. Strains from clinically important locus (blood, sputum, wound discharge, abdominal fluid) had biofilms in 75,0 %; from locus of monitoring – 66,7 %. The pathogens isolated from locus of the monitoring were characterized by an average degree of activity of biofilm formation (0,180–0,360 units of optical density). Strains from clinically important locus (blood and sputum from patients with sepsis) had a highdegree of biofilm formation (more than 0,360 units of optical density). Conclusion. In most cases, strains were characterized by the presence of biofilms and differed in degrees activity of biofilm formation depending on locus

Russian University Teachers’ Ethical Culture Regulation

Based on a review of publications of Russian and foreign researchers, the authors highlight the most significant topics on the deontology of university life. The article presents the results of an analysis of the texts of ethical codes of some leading universities in Russia (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, Kazan Federal University, Ural Federal University), as well as the results of an online survey (N = 297) of teachers of these universities. The survey was conducted to study the attitude of the teaching staff towards the tools for standardizing the moral culture of universities and the implementation of the values enshrined in the ethical standards of universities and ideals of academic community. Conclusions are made about the ethical attitudes of teachers and the effectiveness of moral regulation, as well as proposals for improving the ethical codes of universities are made

Объективизация оценки качества труда и материального стимулирования медицинского персонала в стационаре

We propose and substantiate criteria of objective assessment of quality of work of medical staff in a hospital facility in order to restrict a length of inpatient treatment, to improve work of a doctor and a whole department and to achieve adequate material stimulation and appropriate wages. The criteria consider economic, medical and social aspects, allow computerized analysis of a doctor's and a department work, systematic analysis on clinical conferences and disclosure of factors worsening the quality of inpatients treatment.В статье предложены и обоснованы критерии объективной оценки качества работы медицинского персонала стационарного лечебно-профилактического отделения с целью сокращения сроков стационарного лечения, улучшения работы конкретного врача и отделения в целом, а также с целью оптимизации адекватного материального стимулирования и соответствующей качеству работы оплаты труда. Критерии учитывают экономические и медико-социальные аспекты и позволяют производить компьютерный анализ деятельности конкретного врача и отделения, при систематическом анализе на врачебных конференциях выявлять факторы, отрицательно влияющие на качество стационарного лечения больных

Ability of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae to the formation of biofilms

The most of studied pathogens of intestinal infections are capable of forming biofilms (Salmonella spp. - 84,2 %; Shigella spp. - 90,0 %; pathogenicE. coli - 75,0 %; opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae isolated from people with intestinal infections -100,0 %, isolated from diseased animals - 83,3 %). More active formation of biofilms in studied microorganisms was detected in conditions of cultivation at 37 °C, in comparison with lower temperatures (24 °C)

Formation of Indoleacetic Acid by Enterbacteria Pathogenic for Human

Background. At present, the problem of plant colonization by bacteria pathogenic for human is of particular interest. Among the bacteria capable of polyhostality, species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes both phytopathogenic and human pathogens, are of particular interest. Fruits and vegetables contaminated with such pathogens have been shown to be able to cause human intestinal infections. Being one of the ways of communication in the plantmicroorganism system, it is possible that the synthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA) by Enterobacteriaceae determines the growth rate of bacteria, contributing to more rapid colonization of the plant.Aim: comparative study of the synthesis of IAA by different types of enterobacteria.Methods. Eight types of enterobacteria were used in the study, seven of which were isolated from sick people, as well as the phytopathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum spp. carotovorum. The work was performed using microbiological and spectrophotometric research methods.Results. The ability of the synthesis of IAA by opportunistic microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family was studied. We found that the majority of the studied strains synthesize IAA. Studies on the effect on the synthesis of IAA, the introduction into the nutrient medium of tryptophan and its enrichment with glucose, as well as the variation of the temperature regime of the cultivation of bacteria were carried out

Characteristic of water of the Lena River and health of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

In the article results of sanitary epidemiological characteristics of water of the Lena River, including on indicators of parasitic safety and physiological full value are analysed. It is established that the adverse effect of water of a water source on health of the population is connected with its physiological inferiority which is caused by the low maintenance of a number of biologically active elements. The received value of factor of "utility of water» in 47 times below recommended value