Arte mural tradicional en Walata: ciudad caravana en el Hawdh oriental

Walata is one of the major caravan cities in the southern Sahara located on the route from Timbuktu to the northern cities of either Sijilmassa in the Tafilalt oasis or Nul Lamta on Wadi Nun. The city has a long history stretching back to before it was named Walata which archeology has only recently (2004) begun to investigate. The city is justly famous for the unique wall art on its houses. The art is the realm of women who have passed it on from generation to generation. Local oral history states the wall art found in Walata dates to al-Murabitin period (11th century) when a number of Muslims from al-Andalus were exiled there. The wall art of Walata is unique not only to its own region of the Hawdh in eastern Mauritania, but to the whole Sahara. The art can be divided into three main types: around the main street entrance to the house, walls of the interior courtyard, and the inside of rooms. The designs are subject to change over time and recently new ones have been introduced from henna for the hands, straw mats, and Moroccan carpets while some of the older designs are no longer being done.Walata es una de las mayores ciudades caravana en el Sahara septentrional emplazada en el camino desde Timbuktu a las ciudades norteñas de Sijilmassa en el oasis de Tafilalt o a Nul Lamta en Wadi Nun. La ciudad tiene una larga historia que se remonta a antes de que fuera llamada Walata, que la arqueología ha empezado a investigar recientemente (2004). La ciudad es en concreto famosa por el singular arte mural de sus casas. Este arte se da en la esfera de las mujeres, que lo conservan de generación en generación. La tradición oral local establece que el arte mural que se encuentra en Walata data del periodo al-Murabitin (siglo XI), durante el que unos cuantos musulmanes de alÁndalus se exiliaron en la zona. El arte mural de Walata es único no sólo en la región de Hawdh, en Mauritania oriental, sino también en el Sahara en su totalidad. Este arte puede dividirse en tres tipos principales: en las entradas de las casas alrededor de la calle principal. en los muros del patio interior, y en el interior de las habitaciones. Los diseños pueden cambiar a lo largo del tiempo y recientemente se han introducido nuevos inspirados en la henna de las manos, en las esteras de paja, y en las alfombras marroquíes, mientras que algunos de los más antiguos ya no se hacen

Detection of 6 November 1997 ground level event by Milagrito

Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) with energies exceeding 10 GeV associated with the 6 November 1997 solar flare/CME (coronal mass ejection) have been detected with Milagrito, a prototype of the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory. While SEP acceleration beyond 1 GeV is well established, few data exist for protons or ions beyond 10 GeV. The Milagro observatory, a ground based water Cherenkov detector designed for observing very high energy gamma ray sources, can also be used to study the Sun. Milagrito, which operated for approximately one year in 1997/98, was sensitive to solar proton and neutron fluxes above ∼4 GeV. In its scaler mode, Milagrito registered a rate increase coincident with the 6 November 1997 ground level event observed by Climax and other neutron monitors. A preliminary analysis suggests the presence of \u3e10 GeV particles

Resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in an APOE3 Christchurch homozygote: a case report.

We identified a PSEN1 (presenilin 1) mutation carrier from the world's largest autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred, who did not develop mild cognitive impairment until her seventies, three decades after the expected age of clinical onset. The individual had two copies of the APOE3 Christchurch (R136S) mutation, unusually high brain amyloid levels and limited tau and neurodegenerative measurements. Our findings have implications for the role of APOE in the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus identified in synthetic wheat lines

Citation: Shoup Rupp, J. L., Simon, Z. G., Gillett-Walker, B., & Fellers, J. P. (2014). Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus identified in synthetic wheat lines. Retrieved from http://krex.ksu.eduWheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is an important pathogen in wheat that causes significant yield losses each year. WSMV is typically controlled using cultural practices such as the removal of volunteer wheat. Genetic resistance is limited. Until recently, no varieties have been available with major resistance genes to WSMV. Two resistance genes have been derived from Thinopyrum intermedium through chromosome engineering, while a third gene was transferred from bread wheat through classical breeding. New sources of resistance are needed and synthetic wheat lines provide a means of accessing genetic variability in wheat progenitors. A collection of wheat synthetic lines was screened for WSMV resistance. Four lines, 07-SYN-27, -106, -164, and -383 had significant levels of resistance. Resistance was effective at 18 °C and virus accumulation was similar to the resistant control, WGGRC50 containing Wsm1. At 25 °C, resistance was no longer effective and virus accumulation was similar to the susceptible control, Tomahawk

Modifying and Evaluating the Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale for Prescription Opioids: A Pilot Study of the Rx-OOKS

OBJECTIVE: To develop a validated instrument that measures knowledge about prescription opioid overdose. METHODS: Within an integrated health care system, we adapted, piloted, and tested the reliability and predictive validity of a modified Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) instrument specific to prescription opioids (Rx-OOKS) with a patient population prescribed long-term opioid therapy and potentially at risk of opioid overdose. We used an interdisciplinary team approach and patient interviews to adapt the instrument. We then piloted the survey on a patient sample and assessed it using Cronbach’s alpha and logistic regression. RESULTS: Rx-OOKS (N = 56) resulted in a three-construct, 25-item instrument. Internal consistency was acceptable for the following constructs: “signs of an overdose” (10 items) at α = 0.851, “action to take with opioid overdose” (seven items) at α = 0.692, and “naloxone use knowledge” (eight items) at α = 0.729. One construct, “risks of an overdose” (three items), had an α of 0.365 and was subsequently eliminated from analysis due to poor performance. We conducted logistic regression to determine if any of the constructs was strongly associated with future naloxone receipt. Higher scores on “actions to take in an overdose” had nine times the odds of receiving naloxone (odds ratio [OR] = 9.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–57.12); higher “naloxone use knowledge” scores were 15.8 times more likely to receive naloxone than those with lower scores (OR = 15.83, 95% CI = 1.68–149.17). CONCLUSIONS: The Rx-OOKS survey instrument can reliably measure knowledge about prescription opioid overdose recognition and naloxone use. Further, knowledge about actions to take during an opioid overdose and naloxone use were associated with future receipt of naloxone