LIVESTOCK FUTURES MARKETS AND RATIONAL PRICE FORMATION: EVIDENCE FOR LIVE CATTLE AND LIVE HOGS

The efficiency of livestock futures markets continues to receive attention, particularly with regard to their forward pricing or forecasting ability. The purpose of this paper is to present a more general theory that encompasses the forward pricing concept. It is argued that futures contract prices for competitively produced nonstorable commodities, such as live cattle and live hogs, follow a rational formation process. Futures contract prices reflect expected market conditions when contracts are sufficiently close to the delivery month that the supply of the underlying commodity cannot be changed. However, prior to the period when future supplies are relatively fixed, futures contract prices should adjust to reflect the competitive equilibrium, where output price equals average costs of production. Presented evidence suggests that live cattle and live hog futures markets support the rational price formation hypothesis: prices for distant contracts reflect average costs of feeding. Implications for risk management strategies are considered.Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

Verbena urticifolia L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19260/thumbnail.jp

Verbena urticifolia L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19260/thumbnail.jp

Verbena urticifolia L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/19260/thumbnail.jp

Phemeranthus rugospermus (Holz.) Kiger

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/20844/thumbnail.jp

CORRELATION BETWEEN IMPAIRMENT AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE DURING REACHING TASKS IN SUBJECTS WITH SPASTIC HEMIPARESIS

Objective: The main purposes of this study were to examine, in subjects with chronic hemiparesis following a stroke: (i) the correlations between tests of muscle tone, stiffness, spasticity, paresis and co-contraction, and (ii) the correlations of these tests and measurements of impairment to upper extremity motor performance. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, correlation matrix using sample of convenience. Subjects: Thirteen subjects with chronic hemiparesis secondary to a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) were tested. Methods: Subjects were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment, modified Ashworth scale, deep tendon reflexes, and muscle characteristics that included quantification of muscle stiffness, paresis and co-contraction during a voluntary reaching task and during passive movements. Surface electromyographic and myotonometric muscle stiffness data were obtained during movement trials. Results: Biceps and triceps brachii muscle paresis and excess biceps brachii co-contraction during voluntary reaching had the highest correlations to decreased motor performance. Muscle tone measurements did not have significant correlations to upper extremity performance. Conclusion: Paresis of elbow flexors and extensors and excess co-contraction of the biceps brachii during voluntary reaching appear to be most predictive of upper extremity motor performance. Results are discussed in relation to the specific challenges these findings pose for spastic paresis clinical management

Normal Patterns and Pitfalls of FDG Uptake in the Head and Neck

In order to avoid misdiagnoses, medical imagers should be familiar with the normal patterns and distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity within the head and neck, as well as the pathophysiology and imaging-findings of common diagnostic pitfalls related to incidental FDG-avid lesions. The purpose of this article is to provide an image-rich review of the normal patterns of FDG uptake in the head and neck, help differentiate benign from malignant incidentally found FDG-avid foci, and detail important “don't miss” hypometabolic head and neck lesions on positron emission tomography/computed tomography and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging

Rational Price Formation in Live Cattle and Live Hog Futures Markets

The Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

IKE: An interactive klystron evaluation program for SLAC linear collider klystron performance

When the new 65 MW klystrons for the SLC were planned, a computer based interlock and data recording system was implemented in the general electronics upgrade. Significant klystron operating parameters are interlocked and displayed in the SLC central control room through the VAX control computer. A program titled ''IKE'' has been written to record klystron operating data each day, store the data in a database, and provide various sorted operating and statistical information to klystron engineers, and maintenance personnel in the form of terminal listings, bar graphs, and special printed reports. This paper gives an overview of the IKE system, describes its use as a klystron maintenance tool, and explains why it is valuable to klystron engineers