Performance of clonal rootstocks for "BRS-Kampai" peach and own-rooted trees in a mild-winter region.

Abstract: The worldwide main peach-producing are adopting peach training systems with canopy size-controlling clonal rootstocks. However, most peach seedlings commercialised in Brazil are still on seed-propagated rootstocks, which are vigorous and heterogeneous. This study aimed to select rootstocks which induce desirable characteristics of fruit quality, yield efficiency, size control, adaptability and stability in the ‘BRS-Kampai’ grown in subtropical regions with mild winters. We used adaptability and stability methodology and multivariate selection index to determine yield components and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in five cycles. The treatments consisted of ‘BRS-Kampai’ grafted onto 17 clonal rootstocks of Prunus spp. and own-rooted trees. The evaluated variables were yield per tree, yield per area, fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, canopy volume and yield efficiency. The rootstocks ‘Ishtara®’, ‘Genovesa’, ‘Santa Rosa’ and ‘Cadaman’ always induced low yield and low fruit quality when used as clonal rootstocks for the ‘BRS-Kampai’ and showed no potential for use as rootstocks in subtropical humid regions with mild winters. The ‘BRS-Kampai’ own-rooted peach trees or those grafted onto ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Okinawa’ are alternatives for peach cultivation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Pato Branco-PR, although the training and pruning systems must be adjusted due to high vigour. The clonal rootstocks ‘Tsukuba-3’ and ‘Tsukuba-2’ induced the highest production performance in the canopy cultivar BRS-Kampai, combining fruit quality, yield with higher stability, and yield efficiency making them the most suitable ones among the studied rootstocks. Resumo: Sistemas de condução de pessegueiros com porta-enxertos clonais que reduzem vigor da copa são os mais adotados mundialmente. Entretanto, no Brasil ainda se utiliza porta-enxertos propagados por sementes, que são vigorosos e heterogêneos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar porta-enxertos que induzam qualidade de frutos, eficiência produtiva, controle de vigor, adaptabilidade e estabilidade em ‘BRS-Kampai’ cultivada em regiões subtropicais com invernos amenos. Foram utilizadas metodologias de adaptabilidade e estabilidade e índice de seleção multivariada para determinar os componentes de produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em cinco ciclos. Os tratamentos consistiram de pessegueiro ‘BRS-Kampai’ autoenraizado ou enxertado em 17 porta-enxertos clonais de Prunus spp. As variáveis avaliadas foram produção por planta, produtividade por área, massa de frutos, diâmetro e firmeza de frutos, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, volume de copa e eficiência produtiva. Em regiões subtropicais com invernos ‘Ishtara®’, ‘Genovesa’, ‘Santa Rosa’ e ‘Cadaman’ induziram baixa produtividade e baixa qualidade de frutos na ‘BRS-Kampai’ e não apresentam potencial para uso como porta-enxertos. ‘BRS-Kampai’ autoenraizadas ou enxertadas em ‘Flordaguard’ e ‘Okinawa’ são alternativas para o cultivo do pessegueiro, embora os sistemas de condução e poda devam ser ajustados devido ao alto vigor. Os porta-enxertos clonais ‘Tsukuba-3’ e ‘Tsukuba-2’ induziram o maior desempenho produtivo na ‘BRS-Kampai’, aliando qualidade de frutos, produtividade com maior estabilidade e eficiência produtiva tornando-os os mais indicados entre os porta-enxertos estudados.Título em português: Desempenho de porta-enxertos clonais para pessegueiro 'BRS-Kampai'e autoenraizado em região de inverno ameno

AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN DYSTROPHIN-GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX AND IN UTROPHIN ARE NOT CORRELATED WITH INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES PROTECTION IN mdx MICE

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)In this study we investigate whether dystrophic intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) from aged mdx mice show alterations in dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) components. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses of beta-sarcoglycan, beta-dystroglycan, and utrophin showed that aged ILM had a similar pattern of changes in aged affected muscles (diaphragm and limb), suggesting that aging leads to changes in utrophin and DGC proteins in dystrophic ILM that cannot be correlated with their protection from dystrophic change. Muscle Nerve 44: 978-980, 2011446978980Fundaco de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [04/15526-9, 08/58491-1]Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas [302006/2009-5, 301306/2010-9, 474708/06-3]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundaco de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [04/15526-9, 08/58491-1]Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas [302006/2009-5, 301306/2010-9, 474708/06-3]CNPq [143170/08-2

Sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-atpase And Calsequestrin Are Overexpressed In Spared Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Of Dystrophin-deficient Mdx Mice

In the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the lack of dystrophin is associated with increased calcium levels and skeletal muscle myonecrosis. The intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) are protected and do not undergo myonecrosis. We investigated whether this protection is related to an increased expression of calcium-binding proteins, which may protect against the elevated calcium levels seen in dystrophic fibers. The expression of sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and calsequestrin was examined in ILM and in nonspared limb muscles of control and mdx mice using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Dystrophic ILM presented a significant increase in the proteins studied when compared to controls. The increase of Ca2+-handling proteins in dystrophic ILM may permit better maintenance of calcium homeostasis, with the consequent absence of myonecrosis. 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Acetylcholine receptor organization at the dystrophic extraocular muscle neuromuscular junction

Spared extraocular muscles of dystrophic mice are not subjected to regeneration process and can be used to verify whether the lack of dystrophin per se could cause changes in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) distribution. In the present study, rectus and oblique (spared) and retractor bulbi (nonspared) muscles were dissected from adult control (C57Bl/10) and mdx mice. AChRs and nerve terminals were labeled with rhodamine-a-bungarotoxin and anti-NF200-IgG-FITC, respectively, and visualized by confocal microscopy. Rectus and oblique muscles presented 0.5% central nucleation, while retractor bulbi had central nucleation in 45% of muscle fibers. In mdx rectus, AChRs were distributed in branches in 99% of the junctions examined (n = 200), similar to that observed for controls. Nerve terminals covered the AChR branches in 100% of the junctions examined. In control retractor bulbi, AChRs were distributed in regular branches. In mdx retractor bulbi, multiple fragmented islands of receptors were seen in 56% of the endplates examined (n = 200). These results suggest that the lack of dystrophin per se does not influence the distribution of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction of spared extraocular muscles.290784685