Education, Gender and Youth in the labor market in Argentina

The main goal of this paper is to show the importance of secondary education in the results of Argentine youth in the labor market, both empirically and with existing data, and differentiating impacts by gender. The evidence suggests that secondary education promotes greater participation in the labor force and it does so in a higher degree among young women than young men. Also, compared with primary education, secondary school increases the employment opportunity of youth and has a positive effect on remuneration for both gender, but effect is more positive among boys than among girls.

Decoherence induced by a chaotic environment: A quantum walker with a complex coin

We study the differences between the process of decoherence induced by chaotic and regular environments. For this we analyze a family of simple models wich contain both regular and chaotic environments. In all cases the system of interest is a "quantum walker", i.e. a quantum particle that can move on a lattice with a finite number of sites. The walker interacts with an environment wich has a D dimensional Hilbert space. The results we obtain suggest that regular and chaotic environments are not distinguishable from each other in a (short) timescale t*, wich scales with the dimensionality of the environment as t*~log(D). Howeber, chaotic environments continue to be effective over exponentially longer timescales while regular environments tend to reach saturation much sooner. We present both numerical and analytical results supporting this conclusion. The family of chaotic evolutions we consider includes the so-called quantum multi-baker-map as a particular case.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Qubit noise spectroscopy for non-Gaussian dephasing environments

We introduce open-loop quantum control protocols for characterizing the spectral properties of non-Gaussian noise, applicable to both classical and quantum dephasing environments. The basic idea is to engineer a multi-dimensional frequency comb via repetition of suitably designed pulse sequences, through which the desired high-order noise spectra may be related to observable properties of the qubit probe. We prove that access to a high time resolution is key to achieve spectral reconstruction over an extended bandwidth, overcoming limitations of existing schemes. Non-Gaussian spectroscopy is demonstrated for a classical noise model describing quadratic dephasing at an optimal point, as well as a quantum spin-boson model out of equilibrium. In both cases, we obtain spectral reconstructions that accurately predict the qubit dynamics in the non-Gaussian regime.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Universality proof and analysis of generalized nested Uhrig dynamical decoupling

Nested Uhrig dynamical decoupling (NUDD) is a highly efficient quantum error suppression scheme that builds on optimized single axis UDD sequences. We prove the universality of NUDD and analyze its suppression of different error types in the setting of generalized control pulses. We present an explicit lower bound for the decoupling order of each error type, which we relate to the sequence orders of the nested UDD layers. We find that the error suppression capabilities of NUDD are strongly dependent on the parities and relative magnitudes of all nested UDD sequence orders. This allows us to predict the optimal arrangement of sequence orders. We test and confirm our analysis using numerical simulations.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

Communicating via ignorance: Increasing communication capacity via superposition of order

Classically, no information can be transmitted through a depolarising, that is a completely noisy, channel. We show that by combining a depolarising channel with another channel in an indefinite causal order---that is, when there is superposition of the order that these two channels were applied---it becomes possible to transmit significant information. We consider two limiting cases. When both channels are fully-depolarising, the ideal limit is communication of 0.049 bits; experimentally we achieve $(3.4{\pm}0.2){\times}10^{-2}$ bits. When one channel is fully-depolarising, and the other is a known unitary, the ideal limit is communication of 1 bit. We experimentally achieve 0.64${\pm}$0.02 bits. Our results offer intriguing possibilities for future communication strategies beyond conventional quantum Shannon theory