208 research outputs found
The Origin of X-shaped Radio Galaxies: Clues from the Z-symmetric Secondary Lobes
Existing radio images of a few X-shaped radio galaxies reveal Z-symmetric
morphologies in their weaker secondary lobes which cannot be naturally
explained by either the galactic merger or radio-lobe backflow scenarios, the
two dominant models for these X-shaped radio sources. We show that the merger
picture can explain these morphologies provided one takes into account that,
prior to the coalescence of their supermassive black holes, the smaller galaxy
releases significant amounts of gas into the ISM of the dominant active galaxy.
This rotating gas, whose angular momentum axis will typically not be aligned
with the original jets, is likely to provide sufficient ram pressure at a
distance ~10 kpc from the nucleus to bend the extant jets emerging from the
central engine, thus producing a Z-symmetry in the pair of radio lobes. Once
the two black holes have coalesced some 10^7 yr later, a rapid reorientation of
the jets along a direction close to that of the orbital angular momentum of the
swallowed galaxy relative to the primary galaxy would create the younger
primary lobes of the X-shaped radio galaxy. This picture naturally explains why
such sources typically have powers close to the FR I/II break. We suggest that
purely Z-symmetric radio sources are often en route to coalescence and the
concomitant emission of substantial gravitational radiation, while X-shaped
ones have already merged and radiated.Comment: 12 pages, 1 compressed figure; accepted for publication in ApJ
Letter
Frequency dependent core shifts and parameter estimation for the blazar 3C 454.3
We study the core shift effect in the parsec scale jet of the blazar 3C 454.3
using the 4.8 GHz - 36.8 GHz radio light curves obtained from three decades of
continuous monitoring. From a piecewise Gaussian fit to each flare, time lags
between the observation frequencies and spectral indices
based on peak amplitudes are determined. From the fit , indicating equipartition between
the magnetic field energy density and the particle energy density. From the fit
, is in the range to . A mean
magnetic field strength at 1 pc, G, and at the core,
mG, are inferred, consistent with previous
estimates. The measure of core position offset is
pc GHz when averaged over all frequency pairs. Based on the
statistical trend shown by the measured core radius as a
function of , we infer that the synchrotron opacity model may not be valid
for all cases. A Fourier periodogram analysis yields power law slopes in the
range to describing the power spectral density shape and gives
bend timescales in the range yr. This result, and both positive
and negative , indicate that the flares originate from multiple shocks
in a small region. Important objectives met in our study include: the
demonstration of the computational efficiency and statistical basis of the
piecewise Gaussian fit; consistency with previously reported results; evidence
for the core shift dependence on observation frequency and its utility in jet
diagnostics in the region close to the resolving limit of very long baseline
interferometry observations.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures (23 sub-figures), 5 tables. Accepted for
publication in MNRA
Was the Cosmic Web of Protogalactic Material Permeated by Lobes of Radio Galaxies During the Quasar Era?
Evidence for extended active lifetimes (> 10^8 yr) for radio galaxies implies
that many large radio lobes were produced during the `quasar era', 1.5 < z < 3,
when the comoving density of radio sources was 2 -- 3 dex higher than the
present level. However, inverse Compton losses against the intense microwave
background substantially reduce the ages and numbers of sources that are
detected in flux-limited surveys. The realization that the galaxy forming
material in those epochs was concentrated in filaments occupying a small
fraction of the total volume then leads to the conclusion that radio lobes
permeated much of the volume occupied by the protogalactic material during that
era. The sustained overpressure in these extended lobes is likely to have
played an important role in triggering the high inferred rate of galaxy
formation at z > 1.5 and in the magnetization of the cosmic network of
filaments.Comment: 5 pages, 0 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters; uses emulateapj
Intra-night optical variability of core dominated radio quasars: the role of optical polarization
Context. Rapid variations in optical flux are seen in many quasars and all blazars. The amount of variability in different classes of active galactic nuclei has been studied extensively but many questions remain unanswered. Aims. We present the results of a long-term programme to investigate the intra-night optical variability (INOV) of powerful flat spectrum radio core-dominated quasars (CDQs), with a focus on probing the relationship of INOV to the degree of optical polarization. Methods. We observed a sample of 16 bright CDQs showing strong broad optical emission lines and consisting of both high and low optical polarization quasars (HPCDQs and LPCDQs). In this first systematic study of its kind, we employed the 104-cm Sampurnanand telescope, the 201-cm Himalayan Chandra telescope and the 200-cm IUCAA-Girawali Observatory telescope, to carry out R-band monitoring on a total of 47 nights. Using the CCD as an N-star photometer to densely monitor each quasar for a minimum duration of about 4 h per night, INOV exceeding ~1–2 per cent could be reliably detected. Combining these INOV data with those taken from the literature, after ensuring conformity with the basic selection criteria we adopted for the 16 CDQs monitored by us, we were able to increase the sample size to 21 CDQs (12 LPCDQs and 9 HPCDQs) monitored on a total of 73 nights. Results. As the existence of a prominent flat-spectrum radio core signifies that strong relativistic beaming is present in all these CDQs, the definitions of the two sets differ primarily in fractional optical polarization, with the LPCDQs showing a very low median Pop ≃ 0.4 per cent. Our study yields an INOV duty cycle (DC) of ~28 per cent for the LPCDQs and ~68 percent for HPCDQs. If only strong INOV with fractional amplitude above 3 per cent is considered, the corresponding DCs are ~7 per cent and ~40 per cent, respectively. Conclusions. From this strong contrast between the two classes of luminous, relativistically beamed quasars, it is apparent that relativistic beaming is normally not a sufficient condition for strong INOV and a high optical polarization is the other necessary condition. Moreover, the correlation is found to persist for many years after the polarization measurements were made. Some possible implications of this result are pointed out, particularly in the context of the recently detected rapid γ-ray variability of blazars
Circulating proteolytic signatures of chemotherapy-induced cell death in humans discovered by N-terminal labeling
It is known that many chemotherapeutics induce cellular apoptosis over hours to days. During apoptosis, numerous cellular proteases are activated, most canonically the caspases. We speculated that detection of proteolytic fragments released from apoptotic cells into the peripheral blood may serve as a unique indicator of chemotherapy-induced cell death. Here we used an enzymatic labeling process to positively enrich free peptide α-amines in the plasma of hematologic malignancy patients soon after beginning treatment. This N-terminomic approach largely avoids interference by high-abundance proteins that complicate traditional plasma proteomic analyses. Significantly, by mass spectrometry methods, we found strong biological signatures of apoptosis directly in the postchemotherapy plasma, including numerous caspase-cleaved peptides as well as relevant peptides from apoptotic and cell-stress proteins second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, HtrA serine peptidase 2, and activating transcription factor 6. We also treated hematologic cancer cell lines with clinically relevant chemotherapeutics and monitored proteolytic fragments released into the media. Remarkably, many of these peptides coincided with those found in patient samples. Overall, we identified 153 proteolytic peptides in postchemotherapy patient plasma as potential indicators of cellular apoptosis. Through targeted quantitative proteomics, we verified that many of these peptides were indeed increased post- vs. prechemotherapy in additional patients. Our findings reveal that numerous proteolytic fragments are released from dying tumor cells. Monitoring posttreatment proteolysis may lead to a novel class of inexpensive, rapid biomarkers of cell death
- …