The development of the digital economy in the Belgorod region

The concept of “digital economy” was considered, the characteristics of digitization within the Belgorod region were characterized, the main directions of digitization of the region and the region’s readiness to transition to a digital economy were identifie

Process of gender socialization through encyclopedias for girls and for boys

В статье приводятся результаты исследования влияния энциклопедий для мальчиков и девочек на гендерную социализацию подростков. Рассмотрены те гендерные особенности, которые транслируются через энциклопедии.The article presents the results of studies of the effect of encyclopedias for boys and girls on gender socialization of adolescents. Considered those gender characteristics that are broadcast through encyclopedias

Import substitution in the Belgorod region in the context of economic security

The present article uses scientific methods and general scientific principles of dialectical development and systematic approach. The major results concern the estimation of the food basket in the Belgorod region, discussions on the current status of the regional import substitution system, an evaluation of the effectiveness of state regulation measures of the import substitution policy, the formation of priority guidelines of import substitution in the context of increasing economic security of the Belgorod regio

Implementation of the regional investment project of energy efficiency increase of the enterprise of Belgorod (According to Belvodokanal GUP)

The purpose of this study is to monitor the execution of the investment program approved by the state unitary enterprise GUP Belvodokanal for the construction, reconstruction, modernization and development of the centralized water supply systems, sewerage and purification of waste water of the city of Belgorod in the period from 2014 to 2018, as well as the proposals related to the improvement of the investment program. The scientific methods, general scientific principles of dialectical development and system approach are used in this articl

Literary Experiences of Encyclopedist of 18th Century: Jean-Francois Marmontel

The article is devoted to identifying the features of the formation of Jean-Francois Marmontel as a writer, journalist and encyclopedist who made a significant contribution to the literary education of the French society. The relevance of the research topic is due to the study of the views of the scientist that influenced the reception of established and new literary genres of the 18th century. The research methodology is based on a narrative approach in the historiographical perspective, as well as a biographical (cultural-anthropocentric) method that reveals the writer's biography as a typical manifestation of the socio-cultural processes of the age of the Enlightenment. The use of these methods determined the novelty of the study, as it contributed to the consideration of the dynamics of the views of the French educator J.-F. Marmontel and the determination of the degree of his literary contribution to the development of new genres of the moralizing novel and the epic novel, as well as the French Encyclopedia (Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des metiers). It is proved that for J. F. Marmontel the task of the writer was to educate the reader through his introduction to “belle literacy” (belles lettres). The material of the study was the literary works of J. F. Marmontel in French and Russian: poetic works, moralizing stories, novels, including his articles on literature, published in the first edition of the Encyclopedia. An analysis of the content of the French writer's works shows that they are educational and critical in nature, since their author skillfully mastered many literary genres in practice

Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry at a free-electron laser

We present measurements of second- and higher-order intensity correlation functions (so-called Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment) performed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH in the non-linear regime of its operation. We demonstrate the high transverse coherence properties of the FEL beam with a degree of transverse coherence of about 80% and degeneracy parameter of the order 10^9 that makes it similar to laser sources. Intensity correlation measurements in spatial and frequency domain gave an estimate of the FEL average pulse duration of 50 fs. Our measurements of the higher-order correlation functions indicate that FEL radiation obeys Gaussian statistics, which is characteristic to chaotic sources.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 40 reference

Statistical properties of a free-electron laser revealed by the Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry

We present a comprehensive experimental analysis of statistical properties of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH at DESY in Hamburg by means of Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry. The experiments were performed at the FEL wavelengths of 5.5 nm, 13.4 nm, and 20.8 nm. We determined the 2-nd order intensity correlation function for all wavelengths and different operation conditions of FLASH. In all experiments a high degree of spatial coherence (above 50%) was obtained. Our analysis performed in spatial and spectral domains provided us with the independent measurements of an average pulse duration of the FEL that were below 60 fs. To explain complicated behaviour of the 2-nd order intensity correlation function we developed advanced theoretical model that includes the presence of multiple beams and external positional jitter of the FEL pulses. By this analysis we determined that in most experiments several beams were present in radiating field and in one of the experiments external positional jitter was about 25% of the beam size. We envision that methods developed in our study will be used widely for analysis and diagnostics of the FEL radiation.Comment: 29 pages, 14 figures, 3 table