Modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases

In this review, an analysis of modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases was carried out. The review highlights the data on the relationship of periodontal infection, tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, drug-induced periodontal tissue damage, stress, and obesity with the risk of developing and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. A rather detailed analysis of the mechanisms of pathogenic influence of the microflora of the oral cavity, including in the subgingival plaque, was carried out. The mechanisms of the pathological effect of smoking on the state of periodontal tissues are described. Data on the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus are presented. The article emphasizes the importance of the presence of periodontal diseases as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, describes the mechanisms of the mutual influence of cardiovascular pathology and the inflammatory process in the periodontium. In addition, the article presents the possibilities of the iatrogenic effect of systemic drugs on the state of periodontal tissues. The data on the influence of stress loads on the development of dental diseases are presented. The review article describes in detail the mechanisms of influence of overweight and obesity on the risks of development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. Based on the results of the scientific research publications presented in the article, it can be stated that not only the dentist, but also doctors of other specialties need to work to change the modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal diseases

Organizational-Economic Directions of the Effective Use of Supply Chain Strategy in Rural Territories of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the issues of creating a solid fodder basis for keeping livestock in the personal subsidiary farm of the rural population based on supply chain strategy. The analysis of the use of pastures on fixed lands of settlements has been conducted based on the example of five regions of Kazakhstan and a number of rural districts. A huge shortage of pastures in the territories of rural settlements and a discrepancy between the livestock population of the households and the level of their feed supply have been revealed. The assessment of the current regulatory and legislative framework and prospects for the organizational and economic use of these territories is presented. The necessity of regulating the use of pastures through the application of standards for limiting the livestock management per one household, the system of pasture rotation and radical improvement of pastures, allocation of additional areas at the expense of reserve lands, development of cooperation have been justified

Two cases of hydrophobia in the Republic of Tatarstan: In vivo and postmortem laboratory diagnosis

The results of rabies in vivo and postmortem laboratory detection in two cases registered in the Republic of Tatarstan are reported: a victim bitten by a wolf in 2002 and another one bitten by a stray dog on Goa Island, India, in 2013. In the patient bitten by a wolf cornea imprints studies using the method of fluorescent antibodies (MFA) showed rabies-positive result 6 days before the patient's death. The results were confirmed by postmortem examination of different parts of the brain and salivary glands using the MFA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), optical microscopy, and bioassay methods. In the patient bitten by a stray dog the rabies virus specific antigen was detected by eye cornea studies using the MFA method and saliva studies using the ELISA. The rabies virus genome was also isolated from saliva and tear fluid using nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 9 days before the patient's death. The in vivo studies results were consistent with the postmortem study of different parts of the brain using the MFA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), optical microscopy, and bioassay methods. All the infection-positive results of both in vivo and postmortem studies were consistent with the clinical studies, i.e. rabies diagnosis was confirmed. The analysis of the rabies virus gene G fragment nucleotide sequence of 238 nd length showed a slight difference between the studied isolates (2 rabies) and the RABV AY956319 (1.68%), difference by 10.5% from the Vnukovo-32 vaccine strains and by 10.9 % from the SAD B19 rabies strain, respectively (rabies viruses of 1st genotype). It was also significantly different from the lissaviruses of 2,4,5, and 6 genotypes (21.0-32.7%). The obtained results indicate phylogenetic closeness of the studied isolates (2 rabies) with the RABV AY956319 rabies virus strain belonging to the 1st genotype

A Mini-Review of Enhancing Ultrafiltration Membranes (Uf) for Wastewater Treatment: Performance and Stability

The scarcity of freshwater resources in many regions of the world has contributed to the emergence of various technologies for treating and recovering wastewater for reuse in industry, agriculture, and households. Deep wastewater treatment from oils and petroleum products is one of the difficult tasks that must be solved. Among the known technologies, UF membranes have found wide industrial application with high efficiency in removing various pollutants from wastewater. It is shown that the search for and development of highly efficient, durable, and resistant to oil pollution UF membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater is an urgent research task. The key parameters to improve the performance of UF membranes are by enhancing wettability (hydrophilicity) and the antifouling behavior of membranes. In this review, we highlight the using of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes primarily to treat oily wastewater. Various methods of polymer alterations of the UF membrane were studied to improve hydrophilicity, the ability of antifouling the membrane, and oil rejection, including polymer blending, membrane surface modification, and the mixed membrane matrix. The influence of the type and composition of the hydrophilic additives of nanoparticles (e.g., Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene oxide (GO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), etc.) was investigated. The review further provides an insight into the removal efficiency percent. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Association of hypertriglyceridemia with risk factors for cardiovascular and renal complications in individuals with high cardiovascular risk

Aim. To study clinical and functional manifestations of hypertriglyceridemia and its association with risk factors for cardiovascular and renal complications in individuals with high cardiovascular risk.Material and methods. The study included 272 patients (129 men and 143 women; mean age, 53,9±13,7 years) with a high cardiovascular risk, which was stratified using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model by the presence of cardiovascular disease, and/or diabetes, and/or age ≥65 years, and/or blood pressure (BP) >180/110 mm Hg, and/or total cholesterol (TC) level >8,0 mmol/l. All study participants underwent clinical and paraclinical examination. Serum content of triglycerides (TGs) ≥1,7 mmol/L was considered hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Depending on TG level, the entire sample was divided into 2 following subgroups: subgroup 1 (n=178) — serum triglycerides ≤1,6 mmol/l; subgroup 2 (n=94) — serum triglycerides ≥1,7 mmol/l, i.e. HTG.Results. We revealed significantly more persons with obesity (46,8%) and type 2 diabetes (28,7%) in HTG subgroup. There were 56,3% and 36,1% patients of HTG subgroup with hypertension (HTN) and coronary artery disease (CAD), respectively. A mid-high TG level (from 1,7 to 2,3 mmol/l) in the subgroup of patients with HTG was detected in 38,3% of cases. The serum content of TG from 2,3 to 5,6 mmol/l was detected in 54,2% of patients. TG level ≥5,6 mmol/l was detected in 7,5% of cases. In the subgroup of patients with HTG, high levels of systolic, diastolic and central (aortic) BP, body mass index, phosphorus, creatinine, cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were detected significantly more common. In the general sample, a significant direct relationship between TG concentration and cystatin C (r=0,168) and an inverse (negative) relationship with eGFR (r=-0,220) was obtained.Conclusion. Elevated serum TG levels are often observed in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and CAD. Patients with HTG had a pronounced cardiovascular and renal risk, including a significant increase in BP and carotid IMT, high levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, phosphorus, creatinine, cystatin C, and a decrease in eGFR. HTG was associated with an increase in serum cystatin C and a deterioration in renal nitrogen excretion

L.L. Fofanof: 140th anniversary of his birth. Contribution to science

The article is dedicated to Professor L.L. Fofanof’s scientific activity. He headed the faculty therapeutic clinic of Kazan Imperial University in 1915-1920. Being a student L.L. Fofanov was interested in pathological anatomy and physiology. His dissertation «To physiology of n. depressoris» was dedicated to studying the vasomotor center. During his visit in Germany he worked a lot. In Charite together with Professor His he studied gout and its treatment with Radium emanation. In Halle clinic under Professor Schmidt’s supervision he studied assimilation of starch in normal and pathological digestion. L.L. Fofanov also made a contribution to tuberculosis treatment: with professor V.F. Orlovskiy he studied treatment of tuberculosis with simulated pneumothorax. In his research professor L.L. Fofanov paid great attention to the issues of pathogenesis and pathogenetic substantiation of the clinical manifestation and treatment. During the World War I and Civil War he fought against typhus epidemies: he saw patients, gave lectures, studied the features of myocardial involvement. He died in 1920 from typhus

A novel secreted metzincin metalloproteinase from Bacillus intermedius

The mprBi gene from Bacillus intermedius 3-19 encoding a novel secreted metalloproteinase was identified. The mpriBi gene was expressed in an extracellular proteinase-deficient Bacillus subtilis BG 2036 strain and the corresponding protein was characterized biochemically. The 19. kDa MprBi protein was purified to homogeneity and sequenced by mass spectroscopy and Edman degradation methods. Amino acid sequence analysis of MprBi identified an active site motif HEYGHNFGLPHD and a conserved structural component Met-turn, both of which are unique features of the metzincin clan. Furthermore, MprBi harbors a number of distinct sequence elements characteristic of proteinase domains in eukaryotic adamalysins. We conclude that MprBi and similar proteins from other Bacillus species form a novel group of metzincin metalloproteinases in prokaryotes. © 2010 Federation of European Biochemical Societies

Влияние конкуренции на региональную продовольственную безопасность (пример рынка молока и молочной Республики Татарстан)

Дата поступления 7 июня 2019 г.; дата принятия к печати 3 сентября 2019 г.Received June 7, 2019; accepted September 03, 2019.Regional food markets are important structural elements of the national market. Development of the market environment is one of the key methods of stimulating food production. As the agro-industrial policy changes its focus from import substitution towards export-oriented production, the role of competition in the agricultural sphere becomes particularly prominent. The authors propose a new indicator characterizing the level of concentration of producers on the market – the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for the share of gross profit of economic entities. This article is aimed at giving a theoretical justification of this approach and at providing practical recommendations for the development of regional food markets based on the regulation of food producer concentration levels. Multi-dimensional statistical calculations were used to test the hypothesis that the development of large economic entities (including monopolies) has a positive impact on the affordability and accessibility of locally produced foods. The authors measured the strength of the correlation between the socio-economic indicators that affect regional food security by using the case of the milk and dairy market in the Republic of Tatarstan. The proposed methodology is based on the decision matrix method applied to analyze the situation in local food markets, which gives us a better understanding of the situation in the whole region regarding the accessibility and affordability of foods. The correlation-regression analysis enabled us to integrate the indicators that show the impact of competition on affordability of foods with those that show the impact of producers’ efficiency on accessibility of foods in the region. The proposed approach considers profitability of economic entities, accessibility of foods and competition on the producer market and can thus be used to enhance food security by revealing the optimal priority areas for governmental policies and programs on the national, regional and local levels.Региональные продовольственные рынки являются важными структурными элементами национального рынка. Развитие рыночной среды является одним из ключевых способов стимулирования производства продуктов питания. Поскольку агропромышленная политика меняет фокус с импортозамещения на экспортно-ориентированное производство, роль конкуренции в сельскохозяйственной сфере становится особенно заметной. Авторы предлагают новый показатель, характеризующий уровень концентрации производителей на рынке, – индекс Херфиндаля-Хиршмана (HHI) для доли валовой прибыли хозяйствующих субъектов. Цель данной статьи – дать теоретическое обоснование этого подхода и дать практические рекомендации по развитию региональных продовольственных рынков на основе регулирования уровней концентрации производителей продуктов питания. Многомерные статистические расчеты использовались для проверки гипотезы о том, что развитие крупных экономических субъектов (включая монополии) оказывает положительное влияние на доступность продуктов местного производства. Авторы измерили степень корреляции между социально-экономическими показателями, влияющими на региональную продовольственную безопасность, на примере рынка молока и молокопродуктов в Республике Татарстан. Предлагаемая методология основана на методе матрицы решений, применяемом для анализа ситуации на местных продовольственных рынках, что позволяет нам лучше понять ситуацию во всем регионе в отношении доступности продуктов питания. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ позволил нам объединить показатели, которые показывают влияние конкуренции на доступность продуктов питания, с показателями, которые показывают влияние эффективности производителей на доступность продуктов питания в регионе. Предлагаемый подход учитывает прибыльность хозяйствующих субъектов, доступность продуктов питания и конкуренцию на рынке производителей и, таким образом, может использоваться для повышения продовольственной безопасности путем выявления оптимальных приоритетных областей государственной политики и программ на национальном, региональном и местном уровнях

New possibilities of enamel remineralization in children in the period of replacement bite

The purpose of study - to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of remineralizing gel «PresiDENT Minerals gel — Children’s gel» in children with caries in the period of mixed dentition.Цель исследования - оценить эффективность применения реминерализующего геля «PresiDENT Minerals gel – Детский гель» у детей с кариесом в период сменного прикуса

Глобальное исследование потребления табака среди молодежи в Кыргызской Республике (исследование GYTS, 2019)

The aim of the study was to assess the situation related to tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 13 – 15 in the Kyrgyz Republic.Materials and Methods. The study used a two-stage selection of schoolchildren in grades 7 – 9 (teenagers 13 – 15 years old) to conduct the survey. At the 1st stage, information was collected about all schools of the republic, where children of the target group study. the schools in which the survey was subsequently conducted were selected by the statistical sampling method according to the number of students in grades 7 – 9. The grades whose students participated in the questionnaire were set at stage 2 by random sampling in each school The survey includes 43 questions from the Standard main Questionnaire of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and 30 supplementary questions (73 in total) with multiple choice of answers. The statistical processing was performed using the SUDAAN software package (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); a 95% confidence interval was calculated to calculate weighted prevalence estimates and standard errors (SE).Results. The survey found that 6.0% of schoolchildren (9.5% of boys and 2.4% of girls) currently use various types of tobacco; 4.4% of schoolchildren currently use tobacco (6.8% of boys and 2.0% of girls); 2.4% of schoolchildren smoke cigarettes; 2.4% use smokeless tobacco, 2.8% use other tobacco products (hookah); 2.8% of schoolchildren smoke electronic cigarettes (3.9% of boys and 1.7% of girls). Tobacco use most often begins before age 7 or after age 12. 16.8% of schoolchildren are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, of which 14.2% are in closed places and 14.8% in open public places. 87.2% of schoolchildren purchase cigarettes in a shop, kiosk, from a street vendor, and in the market. During the visit to the point of sale 26.7% noticed tobacco advertising and promotions; 49.7% saw anti-tobacco messages in the mass media. Definitely think that smoking tobacco by other people is bad for them, 71.2% of schoolchildren.Conclusion. A high percentage of teenagers consuming e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco products has been noted, although > 50% of them are aware of the dangers of tobacco use. Every 6th student is a passive smoker. The vast majority of schoolchildren aged 13 – 15 who try to quit smoking do not receive professional help in quitting tobacco use, and are exposed to protobacco media marketing campaigns.Целью исследования явилась оценка ситуации, связанной с потреблением табачных изделий среди подростков 13–15 лет в Кыргызской Республике.Материалы и методы. В исследовании использовался двухстадийный отбор школьников 7–9-х классов (подростки 13–15 лет) для проведения анкетирования. На 1-й стадии собиралась информация обо всех школах республики, в которых обучаются дети целевой группы. Методом статистической выборки в соответствии с числом учащихся 7–9-х классов были отобраны школы, в которых в дальнейшем проводилось анкетирование. На 2-й стадии методом случайной выборки в каждой школе устанавливались классы, учащиеся которых приняли участие в анкетном опросе. В обследование включены 43 вопроса из Стандартного основного вопросника Глобального исследования потребления табака среди молодежи (Global Youth Tobacco Survey – GYTS) и 30 дополнительно выбранных вопросов (всего 73 вопроса) с несколькими вариантами ответа. Статистическая обработка проводилась с использованием пакета программного обеспечения SUDAAN (Центр по контролю и профилактики заболеваний США); для расчета взвешенных оценок распространенности и стандартных ошибок (SE) рассчитывался 95%-ный доверительный интервал.Результаты. По результатам опроса установлено, что в настоящее время различные виды табака используют 6,0 % школьников (9,5 % мальчиков и 2,4 % девочек); 4,4 % школьников в настоящее время потребляют табак (6,8 % мальчиков и 2,0 % девочек); 2,4 % школьников курят сигареты; 2,4 % потребляют бездымный табак, 2,8 % – другие табачные изделия (кальян); 2,8 % школьников курят электронные сигареты (3,9 % мальчиков и 1,7 % девочек). Наиболее часто потребление табачных изделий начинается в возрасте либо до 7 лет, либо после 12 лет. Воздействию табачного дыма в домашних условиях подвергаются 16,8 % школьников, из них 14,2 % – в закрытых, 14,8 % – в открытых общественных местах. Приобретают сигареты в магазине, киоске, у уличного торговца и на рынке 87,2 % школьников. Во время посещения пункта продаж рекламу табака и акции заметили 26,7 %; 49,7 % увидели антитабачные сообщения в средствах массовой информации. Определенно думают, что курение табака другими людьми вредно для них, 71,2 % школьников.Заключение. Отмечена высокая доля подростков, потребляющих электронные сигареты, кальян и бездымные табачные изделия, хотя > 50 % из них осведомлены об опасностях потребления табака. Каждый 6-й школьник является пассивным курильщиком. Подавляющее большинство школьников 13–15 лет, пытающихся бросить курить, не получают помощи специалиста при отказе от потребления табака, к тому же подвергаются воздействию протабачных маркетинговых кампаний в средствах массовой информации