765 research outputs found
Putting Personal Jurisdiction within Reach: Just What Has Rule 4(k)(2) Done for the Personal Jurisdiction of Federal Courts
Inverse Medea as a Novel Gene Drive System for Local Population Replacement: A Theoretical Analysis
One strategy to control mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, on a regional scale is to use gene drive systems to spread disease-refractory genes into wild mosquito populations. The development of a synthetic Medea element that has been shown to drive population replacement in laboratory Drosophila populations has provided encouragement for this strategy but has also been greeted with caution over the concern that transgenes may spread into countries without their consent. Here, we propose a novel gene drive system, inverse Medea, which is strong enough to bring about local population replacement but is unable to establish itself beyond an isolated release site. The system consists of 2 genetic components—a zygotic toxin and maternal antidote—which render heterozygous offspring of wild-type mothers unviable. Through population genetic analysis, we show that inverse Medea will only spread when it represents a majority of the alleles in a population. The element is best located on an autosome and will spread to fixation provided any associated fitness costs are dominant and to very high frequency otherwise. We suggest molecular tools that could be used to build the inverse Medea system and discuss its utility for a confined release of transgenic mosquitoes
Interstellar Carbodiimide (HNCNH) - A New Astronomical Detection from the GBT PRIMOS Survey via Maser Emission Features
In this work, we identify carbodiimide (HNCNH), which is an isomer of the
well-known interstellar species cyanamide (NH2CN), in weak maser emission,
using data from the GBT PRIMOS survey toward Sgr B2(N). All spectral lines
observed are in emission and have energy levels in excess of 170 K, indicating
that the molecule likely resides in relatively hot gas that characterizes the
denser regions of this star forming region. The anticipated abundance of this
molecule from ice mantle experiments is ~10% of the abundance of NH2CN, which
in Sgr B2(N) corresponds to ~2 x 10^13 cm-2. Such an abundance results in
transition intensities well below the detection limit of any current
astronomical facility and, as such, HNCNH could only be detected by those
transitions which are amplified by masing.Comment: Accepted in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 13 pages, 2 figures,
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Evaluation of the Universal Health Visiting Pathway in Scotland:Phase 1 Report – Routine Data Analysis – Implementation and Delivery
CSO and CARMA Observations of L1157. I. A Deep Search for Hydroxylamine (NHOH)
A deep search for the potential glycine precursor hydroxylamine (NHOH)
using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) at mm and the
Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) at mm is presented toward the molecular outflow L1157, targeting the B1 and B2
shocked regions. We report non-detections of NHOH in both sources. We a
perform non-LTE analysis of CHOH observed in our CSO spectra to derive
kinetic temperatures and densities in the shocked regions. Using these
parameters, we derive upper limit column densities of NHOH of ~cm and ~cm toward the B1
and B2 shocks, respectively, and upper limit relative abundances of
and ,
respectively.Comment: Accepted in the Astrophysical Journa
CSO and CARMA Observations of L1157. II. Chemical Complexity in the Shocked Outflow
L1157, a molecular dark cloud with an embedded Class 0 protostar possessing a
bipolar outflow, is an excellent source for studying shock chemistry, including
grain-surface chemistry prior to shocks, and post-shock, gas-phase processing.
The L1157-B1 and B2 positions experienced shocks at an estimated ~2000 and 4000
years ago, respectively. Prior to these shock events, temperatures were too low
for most complex organic molecules to undergo thermal desorption. Thus, the
shocks should have liberated these molecules from the ice grain-surfaces en
masse, evidenced by prior observations of SiO and multiple grain mantle species
commonly associated with shocks. Grain species, such as OCS, CH3OH, and HNCO,
all peak at different positions relative to species that are preferably formed
in higher velocity shocks or repeatedly-shocked material, such as SiO and HCN.
Here, we present high spatial resolution (~3") maps of CH3OH, HNCO, HCN, and
HCO+ in the southern portion of the outflow containing B1 and B2, as observed
with CARMA. The HNCO maps are the first interferometric observations of this
species in L1157. The maps show distinct differences in the chemistry within
the various shocked regions in L1157B. This is further supported through
constraints of the molecular abundances using the non-LTE code RADEX (Van der
Tak et al. 2007). We find the east/west chemical differentiation in C2 may be
explained by the contrast of the shock's interaction with either cold, pristine
material or warm, previously-shocked gas, as seen in enhanced HCN abundances.
In addition, the enhancement of the HNCO abundance toward the the older shock,
B2, suggests the importance of high-temperature O-chemistry in shocked regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Challenges in Bridging Social Semantics and Formal Semantics on the Web
This paper describes several results of Wimmics, a research lab which names
stands for: web-instrumented man-machine interactions, communities, and
semantics. The approaches introduced here rely on graph-oriented knowledge
representation, reasoning and operationalization to model and support actors,
actions and interactions in web-based epistemic communities. The re-search
results are applied to support and foster interactions in online communities
and manage their resources
Analysis of social attitude to the new end use of recycled water for household laundry in Australia by the regression models
Recycled water for household laundry can be regarded as a promising strategy to alleviate the current demand on scarce water supplies. Public acceptability becomes fairly important to ensure the successful establishment and development of this new end use. To address the issue, this study conducted social surveys in two locations of Australia, Port Macquarie and Melbourne, where respondents were asked 17 questions. The regression models provide conclusions about which characteristics are more likely to lead to the acceptance of recycled water from society. Three attitudinal variables (RWAlterDW, Attitude and Cost) and three psychological variables (Odour, Reading and SmallUnit) were found to be the key driving forces behind domestic water reuse behaviour. These findings could drive the future research direction to achieve better public perception of this new end use of recycled water. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
A practical exploration of ontology interoperability
ISO Common Logic (CL, ISO/IEC 24707:2007) offers the Semantic Web (SW) a new and powerful dimension in achieving the effective discovery, automation, integration, and reuse across applications, data and knowledge. The paper shows how it is possible to explore such interoperability through small scale exemplar projects. As Conceptual Graphs (CG) is a key technology in CL, we focused on the Amine CG software and for the SW we focused on the Protégé OWL software, exploring the possible mappings between ontologies captured in OWL and in Amine. Through this practical exercise the dimensions and extent of the desired interoperability could be demonstrated. This small but significant experiment provided a practical insight into how CG Tools can actually interoperate towards achieving the wider goal of Ontology interoperability between CL and the SW.</p
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